The Antebrachium & Wrist

Question 1

Golfer’s wrist

Answer 1

pain/tenderness in the palm or wrist caused by a hairline fracture of the hook of the hamate

Question 2

Antebrachium is broken into 2 compartments: the…

Answer 2

Flexor and extensor compartments

Question 3

Movements of the wrist

Answer 3

Abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, combination of all

Question 4

The two supinators are…

Answer 4

Biceps brachii and supinator

Question 5

The two pronators are…

Answer 5

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Question 6

Superficial layer of anterior forearm

Answer 6

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

Question 7

What does the median nerve innervate?

Answer 7

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radilias, palmaris longus

Question 8

Function of flexor carpi radialis

Answer 8

Flexes and stabilizes wrist, radial deviation

Question 9

Function of flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 9

Flexes and stabilizes wrist, ulnar deviation

Question 10

Palmaris longus runs through

Answer 10

Palmar aponeurosis

Question 11

Where does the superficial anterior forearm originate from?

Answer 11

Common flexor tendon of medial epicondyle

Question 12

What innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 12

Ulnar nerve

Question 13

What muscle is in the intermediate layer of anterior forearm?

Answer 13

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 14

What innervates flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 14

Median nerve

Question 15

Insertion of FDS

Answer 15

Middle phalanx of digits 2-5

Question 16

Function of FDS

Answer 16

Flexes middle phalanx at the interphalangeal joint

Question 17

Deep layer of anterior forearm

Answer 17

Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

Question 18

What are FPL and pronator quadratus innervated by?

Answer 18

Median nerve

Question 19

Where does flexor digitorum profundus attach?

Answer 19

Distal phalanges of 2-5

Question 20

Flexor digitorum profundus dually innervated by…

Answer 20

Ulnar and median nerves

Question 21

What is under the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 21

Carpal tunnel, covered by synovial sheaths

Question 22

Neurovasculature of anterior forearm

Answer 22

Radial and ulnar artery

Question 23

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve is a branch of…

Answer 23

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 24

What is a branch of the median nerve?

Answer 24

Anterior interosseus nerve

Question 25

Where does the median nerve travel?

Answer 25

Carpal tunnel

Question 26

What is the most common entrapment neuropathy?

Answer 26

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 27

What is entrapment in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 27

Median nerve

Question 28

Nerve impacted by cubital tunnel syndrome

Answer 28

Ulnar nerve

Question 29

What is the second most common entrapment neuropathy?

Answer 29

Ulnar nerve

Question 30

What structures are at risk of carpal tunnel release?

Answer 30

Ulnar artery, superficial branch of radial artery, palmar branch of median nerve, superficial branch of ulnar nerve, recurrent branch of median nerve

Question 31

What occurs during carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 31

Results in paresthesias of lateral 3 1/2 fingers and distal portion of palm (region of palm innervated by the palmar cutaneous br. of median nerve is spared since this nerve DOES NOT pass through the carpal tunnel) with paresis (weakness) in flexion, abduction and opposition of the thumb, wasting of the thenar eminence, and loss of the grasp reflex

Question 32

Pronator syndrome

Answer 32

entrapment of the median nerve between heads of the pronator teres (or fibrous bands of FDS); signs/symptoms are pain in proximal forearm, weakened hand grip, thenar atrophy and paresthesia in median nerve distribution (palmar aspect of digits 1-3)

Question 33

Median nerve injury presents like carpal tunnel when...

Answer 33

Individual participates in wrist slashing

Question 34

Posterior forearm layers

Answer 34

Superficial and deep

Question 35

Superficial layer of posterior forearm

Answer 35

Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 36

What innervates the superficial compartment of the posterior forearm?

Answer 36

Radial nerve

Question 37

Deep layer of the posterior forearm contains...

Answer 37

Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis

Question 38

Neurovasculature of posterior forearm

Answer 38

Posterior interosseous artery -> goes with ulnar nerve Posterior interosseous nerve -> deep muscle innervation (continuation of radial nerve)

Question 39

Lateral epicondylitis also known as...

Answer 39

Tennis elbow

Question 40

Medial epicondylitis is also known as...

Answer 40

Golfer's elbow

Question 41

Tennis elbow

Answer 41

chronic inflammation at the common origin of the forearm extensor muscles, especially ECRB; pt presents with pain over lateral elbow; may lead to entrapment of the posterior interosseus nerve

Question 42

Golfer's elbow

Answer 42

inflammation at the common origin of the forearm flexor muscles; pt presents with pain over medial elbow, PE = pain with forearm flexion against resistance

Question 43

Olecranon bursitis

Answer 43

inflammation of the subcutaneous bursa at the elbow, results from excessive friction/compression of the elbow

Question 44

Tenosynovitis

Answer 44

inflammation and distension (with pus) of synovial tendon sheaths; an infection can spread within these bursae, but these bursae also limit spread of the infection (i.e. it stays within the bursa); infections involving the synovial sheath of the 5th digit (most commonly, but also thumb) can spread into the palm, through the carpal tunnel into the anterior forearm

Question 45

de Quervain's tenosynovitis

Answer 45

local thickening of the sheath for the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons on the dorso-lateral aspect of the hand; results in pain at the base of the thumb that extends into the proximal forearm