The Antebrachium & Wrist Flashcards
Golfer’s wrist
pain/tenderness in the palm or wrist caused by a hairline fracture of the hook of the hamate
Antebrachium is broken into 2 compartments: the…
Flexor and extensor compartments
Movements of the wrist
Abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, combination of all
The two supinators are…
Biceps brachii and supinator
The two pronators are…
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
Superficial layer of anterior forearm
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus
What does the median nerve innervate?
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radilias, palmaris longus
Function of flexor carpi radialis
Flexes and stabilizes wrist, radial deviation
Function of flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexes and stabilizes wrist, ulnar deviation
Palmaris longus runs through
Palmar aponeurosis
Where does the superficial anterior forearm originate from?
Common flexor tendon of medial epicondyle
What innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve
What muscle is in the intermediate layer of anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
What innervates flexor digitorum superficialis?
Median nerve
Insertion of FDS
Middle phalanx of digits 2-5
Function of FDS
Flexes middle phalanx at the interphalangeal joint
Deep layer of anterior forearm
Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
What are FPL and pronator quadratus innervated by?
Median nerve
Where does flexor digitorum profundus attach?
Distal phalanges of 2-5
Flexor digitorum profundus dually innervated by…
Ulnar and median nerves
What is under the flexor retinaculum?
Carpal tunnel, covered by synovial sheaths
Neurovasculature of anterior forearm
Radial and ulnar artery
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve is a branch of…
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is a branch of the median nerve?
Anterior interosseus nerve
Where does the median nerve travel?
Carpal tunnel
What is the most common entrapment neuropathy?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
What is entrapment in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve
Nerve impacted by cubital tunnel syndrome
Ulnar nerve
What is the second most common entrapment neuropathy?
Ulnar nerve
What structures are at risk of carpal tunnel release?
Ulnar artery, superficial branch of radial artery, palmar branch of median nerve, superficial branch of ulnar nerve, recurrent branch of median nerve
What occurs during carpal tunnel syndrome?
Results in paresthesias of lateral 3 1/2 fingers and distal portion of palm (region of palm innervated by the palmar cutaneous br. of median nerve is spared since this nerve DOES NOT pass through the carpal tunnel) with paresis (weakness) in flexion, abduction and opposition of the thumb, wasting of the thenar eminence, and loss of the grasp reflex
Pronator syndrome
entrapment of the median nerve between heads of the pronator teres (or
fibrous bands of FDS); signs/symptoms are pain in proximal forearm, weakened hand grip, thenar atrophy and paresthesia in median nerve distribution (palmar aspect of digits 1-3)
Median nerve injury presents like carpal tunnel when…
Individual participates in wrist slashing
Posterior forearm layers
Superficial and deep
Superficial layer of posterior forearm
Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris
What innervates the superficial compartment of the posterior forearm?
Radial nerve
Deep layer of the posterior forearm contains…
Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis
Neurovasculature of posterior forearm
Posterior interosseous artery -> goes with ulnar nerve
Posterior interosseous nerve -> deep muscle innervation (continuation of radial nerve)
Lateral epicondylitis also known as…
Tennis elbow
Medial epicondylitis is also known as…
Golfer’s elbow
Tennis elbow
chronic inflammation at the common origin of the forearm extensor
muscles, especially ECRB; pt presents with pain over lateral elbow; may lead to entrapment of the posterior interosseus nerve
Golfer’s elbow
inflammation at the common origin of the forearm flexor muscles; pt
presents with pain over medial elbow, PE = pain with forearm flexion against resistance
Olecranon bursitis
inflammation of the subcutaneous bursa at the elbow, results from excessive friction/compression of the elbow
Tenosynovitis
inflammation and distension (with pus) of synovial tendon sheaths; an infection can spread within these bursae, but these bursae also limit spread of the infection (i.e. it stays within the bursa); infections
involving the synovial sheath of the 5th digit (most commonly, but also thumb) can spread into the palm, through the carpal tunnel into the anterior forearm
de Quervain’s tenosynovitis
local thickening of the sheath for the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons on the dorso-lateral aspect of the hand; results in pain at the base of the thumb that extends into the proximal forearm
