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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Back/UE/LE 2022 > Spinal Cord/Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord/Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Most common nerve compressed in herniated IV disc?

A

L5

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2
Q

Inferior extend of dura-arachnoid sac

A

SV2

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3
Q

Inferior extent of spinal cord

A

LV2

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4
Q

Location of internal vertebral plexus

A

Epidural space

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5
Q

Epidural anesthesia

A

Injection of anesthetic agent into epidural space, between lamina of L3-L4 or at sacral hiatus

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6
Q

Spinal anesthesia

A

Injection of anesthesia into the subarachnoid space; done via lumbar puncture

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7
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar cistern to remove CSF or deposit anesthesia; the needle should be inserted above or below the spinous process of LV4, the needle will pierce a number of structures, but should “pop” through the ligamentum flavum and enter the subarachnoid space by piercing the DURA and ARACHNOID mater

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8
Q

Order for lumbar puncture

A

skin, subcutaneous tissue, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, epidural space containing the internal vertebral venous plexus, dura, arachnoid, and finally the subarachnoid space

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9
Q

Spinal cord consists of how many pairs of nerves?

A

31

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10
Q

How many cervical nerve pairs

A

8

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11
Q

What is composed of cervical nerve pairs

A

Brachial plexus

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12
Q

C3, C4, C5

A

Keeps the diaphragm alive -> phrenic nerve

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13
Q

How many thoracic nerve pairs?

A

12

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14
Q

How many lumbar nerve pairs?

A

5

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15
Q

How many sacral nerve pairs?

A

5

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16
Q

How many coccygeal nerve pairs?

A

1

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17
Q

When does spinal cord end?

A

L1-L2

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18
Q

Conus medullaris indicates

A

Tapering of spinal cord

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19
Q

Lumbar and sacral nerves descend in…

A

Dural sac

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20
Q

What are the lumbar and sacral nerves bathed in

A

CSF

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21
Q

What are the spinal meninges

A

Dura, arachnoid, pia mater

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22
Q

Dura mater is known as

A

Tough mother

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23
Q

Why did they name arachnoid space “arachnoid”

A

Looks like a spider web, middle layer

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24
Q

What are specialized pia mater called?

A

Filum terminale and denticulate ligaments

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25
Q

When can you not do an epidural?

A

When someone has a fresh back tattoo

26
Q

Potential spaces

A

Epidural and subdural -> fills with BLOOD, AIR, etc

27
Q

What mater contains CSF, blood vessels, and connective tissue?

A

Arachnoid mater

28
Q

If mistake is made during lumbar puncture, what can happen?

A

Herniation of brain! Increased pressure

29
Q

Blood supply of spinal cord

A

Vertebral artery, segmental spinal arteries

30
Q

Venous drainage of spinal cord

A

Intervertebral veins, spinal veins, BATSON’S PLEXUS
Valveless, intercommunicates

31
Q

What cancer is most commonly spread to vertebrae?

A

Prostate cancer

32
Q

SAME DAVE

A

Sensory afferent, motor efferent
Dorsal afferent, ventral efferent

33
Q

Facet joint disease

A

Dorsal rami destruction, ablation will cause dorsal rami to emit numbness, but NO PAIN

34
Q

Compromise of segmental arteries can result in

A

Spinal cord infarcts

35
Q

Prolonged or forceful turning of head can result in

A

Bow Hunter Syndrome -> compromise blood flow through the vertebral artery, resulting in dizziness, fainting or brainstem hypoperfusion syndromes

36
Q

If we cut posterior root…

A

sensory loss, reflex loss

37
Q

If we cut anterior root…

A

motor loss, reflex loss

38
Q

Spinal nerve cut

A

ALL OF THEM

39
Q

Posterior ramus cut…

A

Deep back muscles

40
Q

Anterior ramus cut…

A

Shoulder/arm dermatome

41
Q

Cutaneous nerve cut…

A

Sensory loss

42
Q

GSA gives rise to

A

Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs

43
Q

Herpes zoster

A

Viral infection of posterior root (or cranial nerve ganglia): characterized by vesicular outbreaks in a dermatomal pattern, corresponding to the territory of the infected ganglion

44
Q

C5 Nerve Testing

A

Strength -> deltoid, biceps brachii
MSR - biceps brachii
Key sensory area - lateral shoulder and lateral arm

45
Q

C6 Nerve Root Testing

A

Strength - biceps brachii, wrist extension
MSR - brachioradialis
Key sensory area - lateral foramen, lateral palm including first digit and possibly secondary digit

46
Q

C7 Nerve Root Testing

A

Strength - triceps brachii, wrist flexion, and finger extension
MSR - triceps brachii
Key sensory area - middle finger

47
Q

C8 Nerve Root testing

A

Strength - finger flexion
MSR - triceps brachii
Key sensory area - fifth digit and medial forearm

48
Q

T1 Nerve Root Testing

A

Strength - finger adduction/abduction
MSR - none
Key sensory area - medial arm

49
Q

L4 Nerve Root Testing

A

Strength - tibialis anterior, quadriceps
MSR - patellar tendon
Key sensory area - medial leg, medial aspect of foot including medial malleolus

50
Q

L5 Nerve Root Testing

A

Strength - extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus, walk on heels
MSR - tibilias posterior
Key sensory area - dorsum of foot

51
Q

S1 Nerve Root Testing

A

Strength - fibularis longus; walk on toes
MSR - calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
Key sensory area - lateral aspect of foot

52
Q

Radiculopathy

A

Injury/compression of single spinal cord level

53
Q

Common causes of radiculopathy

A

Disc herniations, spinal stenosis, osteophyte formation and tumors (Schwannoma, metastasis)

54
Q

Sensory loss restricted to

A

Dermatomes

55
Q

Motor loss (weakness, decreased reflexes)

A

Myotomes

56
Q

When injury to distal nerve root occurs…

A

Distributed to the nerve root, NOT THE DERMATOMES or MYOTOMES

57
Q

What is more common: sensory loss first or motor loss first?

A

Sensory loss

58
Q

Reflex Man

A

Biceps, brachioradialis, triceps, patellar, Achilles/calcaneal

59
Q

Cauda equina syndrome

A

Impairment of multiple spinal nerve roots below L1 or L2, typically unilateral
Common causes: disc herniations, tumor, abscesses

60
Q

Signs/symptoms of cauda equina syndrome

A

Sensory loss in dermatomal pattern (saddle anesthesia), myotomal weakness, incontinence and erectile dysfunction

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Back/UE/LE 2022 (25 decks)

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