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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Back/UE/LE 2022 > Spinal Cord/Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord/Spinal Nerves Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Most common nerve compressed in herniated IV disc?

A

L5

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2
Q

Inferior extend of dura-arachnoid sac

A

SV2

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3
Q

Inferior extent of spinal cord

A

LV2

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4
Q

Location of internal vertebral plexus

A

Epidural space

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5
Q

Epidural anesthesia

A

Injection of anesthetic agent into epidural space, between lamina of L3-L4 or at sacral hiatus

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6
Q

Spinal anesthesia

A

Injection of anesthesia into the subarachnoid space; done via lumbar puncture

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7
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar cistern to remove CSF or deposit anesthesia; the needle should be inserted above or below the spinous process of LV4, the needle will pierce a number of structures, but should “pop” through the ligamentum flavum and enter the subarachnoid space by piercing the DURA and ARACHNOID mater

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8
Q

Order for lumbar puncture

A

skin, subcutaneous tissue, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, epidural space containing the internal vertebral venous plexus, dura, arachnoid, and finally the subarachnoid space

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9
Q

Spinal cord consists of how many pairs of nerves?

A

31

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10
Q

How many cervical nerve pairs

A

8

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11
Q

What is composed of cervical nerve pairs

A

Brachial plexus

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12
Q

C3, C4, C5

A

Keeps the diaphragm alive -> phrenic nerve

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13
Q

How many thoracic nerve pairs?

A

12

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14
Q

How many lumbar nerve pairs?

A

5

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15
Q

How many sacral nerve pairs?

A

5

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16
Q

How many coccygeal nerve pairs?

A

1

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17
Q

When does spinal cord end?

A

L1-L2

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18
Q

Conus medullaris indicates

A

Tapering of spinal cord

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19
Q

Lumbar and sacral nerves descend in…

A

Dural sac

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20
Q

What are the lumbar and sacral nerves bathed in

A

CSF

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21
Q

What are the spinal meninges

A

Dura, arachnoid, pia mater

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22
Q

Dura mater is known as

A

Tough mother

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23
Q

Why did they name arachnoid space “arachnoid”

A

Looks like a spider web, middle layer

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24
Q

What are specialized pia mater called?

A

Filum terminale and denticulate ligaments

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25
When can you not do an epidural?
When someone has a fresh back tattoo
26
Potential spaces
Epidural and subdural -> fills with BLOOD, AIR, etc
27
What mater contains CSF, blood vessels, and connective tissue?
Arachnoid mater
28
If mistake is made during lumbar puncture, what can happen?
Herniation of brain! Increased pressure
29
Blood supply of spinal cord
Vertebral artery, segmental spinal arteries
30
Venous drainage of spinal cord
Intervertebral veins, spinal veins, BATSON'S PLEXUS Valveless, intercommunicates
31
What cancer is most commonly spread to vertebrae?
Prostate cancer
32
SAME DAVE
Sensory afferent, motor efferent Dorsal afferent, ventral efferent
33
Facet joint disease
Dorsal rami destruction, ablation will cause dorsal rami to emit numbness, but NO PAIN
34
Compromise of segmental arteries can result in
Spinal cord infarcts
35
Prolonged or forceful turning of head can result in
Bow Hunter Syndrome -> compromise blood flow through the vertebral artery, resulting in dizziness, fainting or brainstem hypoperfusion syndromes
36
If we cut posterior root...
sensory loss, reflex loss
37
If we cut anterior root...
motor loss, reflex loss
38
Spinal nerve cut
ALL OF THEM
39
Posterior ramus cut...
Deep back muscles
40
Anterior ramus cut...
Shoulder/arm dermatome
41
Cutaneous nerve cut...
Sensory loss
42
GSA gives rise to
Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs
43
Herpes zoster
Viral infection of posterior root (or cranial nerve ganglia): characterized by vesicular outbreaks in a dermatomal pattern, corresponding to the territory of the infected ganglion
44
C5 Nerve Testing
Strength -> deltoid, biceps brachii MSR - biceps brachii Key sensory area - lateral shoulder and lateral arm
45
C6 Nerve Root Testing
Strength - biceps brachii, wrist extension MSR - brachioradialis Key sensory area - lateral foramen, lateral palm including first digit and possibly secondary digit
46
C7 Nerve Root Testing
Strength - triceps brachii, wrist flexion, and finger extension MSR - triceps brachii Key sensory area - middle finger
47
C8 Nerve Root testing
Strength - finger flexion MSR - triceps brachii Key sensory area - fifth digit and medial forearm
48
T1 Nerve Root Testing
Strength - finger adduction/abduction MSR - none Key sensory area - medial arm
49
L4 Nerve Root Testing
Strength - tibialis anterior, quadriceps MSR - patellar tendon Key sensory area - medial leg, medial aspect of foot including medial malleolus
50
L5 Nerve Root Testing
Strength - extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus, walk on heels MSR - tibilias posterior Key sensory area - dorsum of foot
51
S1 Nerve Root Testing
Strength - fibularis longus; walk on toes MSR - calcaneal (Achilles) tendon Key sensory area - lateral aspect of foot
52
Radiculopathy
Injury/compression of single spinal cord level
53
Common causes of radiculopathy
Disc herniations, spinal stenosis, osteophyte formation and tumors (Schwannoma, metastasis)
54
Sensory loss restricted to
Dermatomes
55
Motor loss (weakness, decreased reflexes)
Myotomes
56
When injury to distal nerve root occurs...
Distributed to the nerve root, NOT THE DERMATOMES or MYOTOMES
57
What is more common: sensory loss first or motor loss first?
Sensory loss
58
Reflex Man
Biceps, brachioradialis, triceps, patellar, Achilles/calcaneal
59
Cauda equina syndrome
Impairment of multiple spinal nerve roots below L1 or L2, typically unilateral Common causes: disc herniations, tumor, abscesses
60
Signs/symptoms of cauda equina syndrome
Sensory loss in dermatomal pattern (saddle anesthesia), myotomal weakness, incontinence and erectile dysfunction

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Back/UE/LE 2022 (25 decks)

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