The 5 kingdoms 10.2 Flashcards
what are the 5 kingdoms
what are the general features of prokaryotae
- unicellular
- no nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, a ring of ‘naked’ DNA, small ribosomes
- no visible feeding mechanism, nutrients are absorbed through the cell wall or produced internally by photosynthesis
Examples include bacteria Bacillus anthracis
What are the general features of Protoctista
- Mainly unicellular
- a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
- some have chloroplasts
- some are sessile, but others move by cilia, flagella or by amoeboid mechanisms
- nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis (autotrophic feeders), ingestion of other organisms (heterotrophic feeders), or both - some are parasitic
what is a autotroph
An organism that can produce its own food
What is an heterotroph
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.
what are the general features of fungi
- unicellular or multicellular
- a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles and a cell wall mainly composed of chitin
- no chloroplasts or chlorophyll
- no mechanisms for locomotion
- most have a body or mycelium made of threads or hyphae
- nutrients are acquired by absorption-mainly from decaying material-they are saprophytic feeders-some are parasitic
- most store their food as glycogen
What is a saprophytic feeder
organism that feeds on nonliving organic matter
what are the general features of plantae
with over 250,000 species, the plant kingdom is the second largest of the kingdoms
- multicellular
- a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles including chloroplasts and a cell wall mainly composed of cellulose
- all contain chlorophyll
- most do not move, although gametes of some plants move using cilia or flagella
- nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis-they are autotrophic feeders-organisms that make their own food
- store food as starch
what are the general features of Animalia
The animal kingdom is the largest kingdom with over 1 million known species
- multicellular
- a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (no cell walls)
- no chloroplast
- move with the aid of cilia, flagella or contractile proteins, sometimes in the from of muscular organs
- nutrients are acquired by ingestion-they are heterotrophic feeders
- food stored as glycogen
how can scientists uncover the evolutionary relationships between organisms
By comparing the similarities in the DNA and proteins of different species
what is an example of a biological molecule that can be used to identify the evolutionary relationships between organisms
An example of a protein that has changed in structure is haemoglobin. Haemoglobin has 4 polypeptide chains, each made up of a fixed number of amino acids. The haemoglobin of humans differs from chimpanzees in only 1 amino acid, from gorillas in 3 amino acids and from gibbons in 8 amino acids.
As the structure of haemoglobin is remarkably similar, it indicates a common ancestry between the various primate groups
How does carl worse’s system classify organisms
Woese’s system groups organisms using difference in the sequences of nucleotides in the cells ribosomal RNA, as well as the cells membrane lipid structure and their sensitivity to antibiotics.
what is the difference in ribosomes between the 3 domains
Eukarya - have 80s ribosomes
- RNA polymerase (responsible for most mRNA transcription) contains 12 proteins
Archea - have 70s ribosomes
-RNA polymerase of different organisms contains between 8 and 10 proteins and is very similar to eukaryotic ribosome
Bacteria - have 70s ribosomes
-RNA polymerase contains 5 proteins
- what kingdoms do the domains link to
- draw it
what are the kingdoms in woeses 6 kingdom classification system
In worse’s system the prokaryotae kingdom becomes divided into 2 kingdoms -Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
and protoctista, plantae, fungi and animalia
