ATP 3.11 Flashcards
what 3 main types of activity do cells partake in
synthesis- for example of a large molecules such as proteins
transport- for example pumping molecules or ions across cell membranes by active transport
movement- for example protein fibres in muscle cells that cause muscle contraction
what does ATP stand for
Adenosine triphosphate
what is an ATP molecule composed of
draw it
composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and 3 phosphate groups
what is a molecule that is structurally very similar to ATP
nucleotides involved in structure of DNA and RNA
what are the difference in structure of ATP and nucleotides
in ATP the base is always adenine and there are 3 phosphate groups instead of 1. The sugar is ribose, as in RNA nucleotides
what else is ATP known as
universal energy currency
explain what happens with energy as bonds are broken and made
energy is needed to break bonds and energy is released when bonds are formed
explain how we get energy from ATP molecules
A small amount of energy is needed to break the relatively weak bond holding the last phosphate group in ATP. However, a large amount of energy is then released when the liberated phosphate undergoes other reactions involving bond formation
how much energy approximately more is released than used in ATP
approximately 30.6 KJ mol^-1
what type of reaction is responsible for the removal of phosphate groups from ATP
removal of a phosphate group is an example of a hydrolysis reaction
what is meant by coupled reactions
The hydrolysis of ATP down not happen in isolation but in association with energy-requiring reactions. The reactions are said to be ‘coupled’ as they happen simultaneously
what are the products formed from the removal of the 1st phosphate group from an ATP molecule
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphate ion, releasing energy
what are the cons of the instability of the phosphate bonds in ATP
and what is better for long-term storage
it is not good long-term energy store
Fats and carbs are much better for this
what links fats and carbohydrates and ATP molecules
The energy released in the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats (a process called cellular respiration) is used to create ATP
how does the energy produced from the breakdown of carbs and fats actually manufacture ATP
And what is the process called
This occurs by reattaching a phosphate group to an ADP molecule. This process if called phosphorylation
what is a pro of the instability in the bond made from the phosphate group
Due to the instability of ATP, cells do not store large amounts of it. However, ATP is rapidly reformed by the phosphorylation of ADP
This interconversion of ATP and ADP is happening constantly in all living cells, meaning cells do not need a large store of ATP. ATP is therefore a good immediate energy store
