classification 10.1 Flashcards
Name the taxonomical groups in order
Domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
what is classification
classification is the same given to the process by which living organisms are sorted into groups
what is the biggest and most broad taxonomical group
domain
what is the smallest and most specific taxonomical group
species
what other name does the hierarchical classification system have and why is it called this
It is often called the Linnaean classification, after the 18th century Swedish botanist, carl Linnaeus who was the first to propose such a system
why do scientists classify organisms
- To identify species
- To predict the characteristics
- To find evolutionary links
- by using a single classification system, scientists worldwide can share their research
what are the 3 domains
Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
what is the definition of a species
A species is defined as a group of organisms that are able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring
why would 2 seperate species not be able to produce fertile offspring
their offspring are infertile because their cells contain an odd number of chromosomes. This means that meiosis and gamete production cannot take place correctly as all chromosomes must pair up
what is the full classification of humans
what are common names
before classification systems where widely used, many organisms were given names according to certain physical and behavioural features for example ‘blackbirds’ for their colour, ‘song thrushes’ for their song and ‘feildfares’ for there habitats.
These are called common names
what is the problem with common names
organisms may have more than one common name and different names in different languages.
Another problem is that common names do not provide information about relationships between organisms. For examples blackbirds, song thrush and fieldfares all belong to the genus turdus, meaning they have all evolved from a common ancestor, but you wouldn’t know this from their common names
what is binomial nomenclature
the system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism
what two parts does a scientific name consist of
- The first word indicates the organisms genus. It is called the generic name; you can think of this as being equivalent to your surname or family name, as it is shared by close relatives
- The second word indicates the organisms species, it Is also called the specific name.
- Unlike people, no 2 species have the same generic and specific name. Two different species could have the same specific name, however their genus would be different.
- when naming an organism an organism using its scientific name the word should be presented in italics or underlined
