TFN MIDTERMS Flashcards
Science of Unitary Human Beings (SUHB)
MARTHA ROGERS
born in 1914 in Dallas, Texas.
MARTHA ROGERS
*received her nursing diploma from the Knoxville General Hospital School of Nursing in 1936, then earned her Public Health Nursing degree from George Peabody College in Tennessee in 1937.
MARTHA ROGERS
died on March 13, 1994.
MARTHA ROGERS
worked as a professor at New York University’s School of Nursing
MARTHA ROGERS
Human being is considered as united whole
- WHOLENESS
A person and his environment are continuously exchanging matter and energy with each other
OPENNESS
The life process of a human being evolves irreversibly and unidirectionally along a space time continuum (from birth to death)
UNIDIRECTIONALITY
Pattern identifies individuals and reflects their innovate wholeness
PATTERN AND ORGANIZATION
Humans are the only organisms able to think, imagine, have language, and emotions
SENTENCE AND THOUGHT
Refers to the balance between the dynamic life process and environment. It should be understood as a dynamic version of homeostasis. These principles help to view human as unitary human being.
HOMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES
is an arrangement for human and environment that undergo transformation. The constant change in flow from a lower to higher frequency.
- nurses might incorporate activities such as art and music to assist a patient who is ill in an attempt to help them adjust to change flow.
RESONANCE
is the nature of change is unpredictable, continuous and innovative. Any small change in any of the environmental fields causes a ripple effect, which creates larger changes in other fields
-as a nurse even the smallest of our actions can make a difference including the simplest of things such as spending time with our patient, and the way we speak to them.
HELICY
is the energy fields of human and environment in a continuous mutual process. Human and environmental energy fields that are mutually and continuously changing-we effect our environment and our environment effect us.
-as a nurse, we share a connectedness with our patient, and we share the mutual simultaneous experience. Person and environment become one field.
-meditation and humor work to produce a positive environment
INTEGRALITY
Defined person as
The life process of the unitary human being is one of wholeness and continuity as well as dynamic and creative change. Pan-dimensional energy field.
MARTHA ROGERS
Defined environment as
Defines as irreducible pan dimensional energy field identified by pattern and manifesting characteristics different from those of parts.
There is an energy field that is to be considered, not just the person. The energy field provides a way to view different people and environment as pure entities. It is naturally scientific field as each individual influences the environment.
MARTHA ROGERS
Defined health as
Symbolize wellness and the absence of disease and major illness.
MARTHA ROGERS
Defined nursing as
Is both art and science and the nurse are a factor in healing environment. Science with the practice of nursing to care for and to improve the patient outcomes. It gives a nurse a theoretical structure to integrate patients in relationship with their environment.
MARTHA ROGERS
As the fundamental unit of the living and the non-living. Persons and the environment are energy fields. Human beings do not have an energy field, they are an energy field.
- ENERGY FIELD
There is no boundary or barrier that can inhibit the flow of energy between human and environment which leads to the continuous movement or matter of energy. A person and his environment are continuously exchanging with each other, so it refers to the qualities exhibited by open systems human beings in their environment
OPENNESS
Is the characteristic of an energy field that is seen as a single wave. It is an abstraction, and it gives identity to the field. It is continually changing and may manifest diseases, illness, feelings, or pain.
- PATTERN
Non-linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes, non-linear, transcends the traditional notions of time and space. The parameters that human use in language to describe events are arbitrary.
- PANDIMENSIONALITY
Self-care deficit
DOROTHEA OREM
(1914-2007), one of the prime US theorists born in Baltimore, Maryland
DOROTHEA OREM
Obtain her basic diploma in nursing at School of Nursing Washington, BSN (1939) and MSN in 1945 from Catholic University of America, and Doctorate degrees (honorary Doctorates awarded from different Universities).
DOROTHEA OREM
She began her nursing career at Providence Hospital School of Nursing in Washington, DC, where she received a diploma of nursing in the early 1930s.
DOROTHEA OREM
She published her theory in 1959 for the first time and revised in 1971, 1983, 1987, and 2001. Her contributions enabled her to achieve Excellency from prominent societies like Sigma Theta Tau International Society, the National League for Nursing, and the American Academy of Nursing.
DOROTHEA OREM
“Nursing is the ability to care for another human being, most importantly when they are unable to care for themselves. The ultimate goal is achieving an optimal level of health and wellness for our patients”.
DOROTHEA OREM’S PHILOSOPHY
The self-care deficit nursing theory is a general theory composed of what four related theories?
The theory of self-care
The theory of dependent care
The theory of self-care deficit
The theory of nursing systems
describes why and how people care for themselves
The theory of self-care
explains how family members and/or friends provide dependent-care for a person who is socially dependent
The theory of dependent care
describes and explains why people can be helped through nursing
The theory of self-care deficit
describes and explains relationships that must be brought about and maintained for nursing to be produced
The theory of nursing systems
What is the three components Theory of Self-Care
universal self-care needs
developmental self-care needs
and health deviation.
Air, food, water, elimination/excretion, activity & rest, solitude /social interaction, functioning/well being, normalcy
universal self-care needs
more specific to the process of growth & development and are influenced by what is happening during the life cycle, It can be positive or negative.
Developmental Self Care Requisite
When a condition permanently or temporarily alters structural, & psychological function
Health Deviation Self Care Requisites
What are the three components of self-care
Self-Care Agent
Theory of dependent care
Therapeutic self-care
provides the foundation for understanding the action requirements and action limitations of persons who may benefit from nursing.
Self-Care Agent
“Explains how the self-care system is modified when it is directed toward a person who is socially dependent and needs assistance in meeting his or her self-care requisites”
Theory of dependent care
demand is the totality of self-care actions to be performed for some duration in order to meet self-care requisites by using valid methods and related sets of operations and actions.
Therapeutic self-care
______ care refers to the care that is provided to a person who, because of age or related factors, is unable to perform the self-care needed to maintain life, healthful functioning, continuing personal development, and well-being.
Dependent
DOROTHEA OREM’S BIRTHDATE
JULY 15, 1914
WHAT ARE THE FOUR MAJOR CONCEPT OF SUHB THEORY?
OPENNESS
PAN-DIMENSIONALITY
ENERGY FIELD
PATTERN
Summation of care measures at a specific point in time or over a duration of time for meeting the dependent’s therapeutic self-care demand when his or her self-care agency is not adequate or operational.
Dependent-Care Demand
a complex acquired ability of mature and maturing persons to know and meet their continuing requirements for deliberate, purposive action to regulate their own human functioning and development.
Self-Care Agency
Refers to the acquired ability of a person to know and meet the therapeutic self-care demand of the dependent person and/or regulate the development and exercise of the______
dependent’s self-care agency.
______occurs when an individual cannot carry out self-care requisites. Specifies when nursing is needed
self-care deficit
Orem identifies method of helping:
-Acting for and doing for others
-Guiding and directing
-Providing Physical and Psychological support
-Environment of promoting personal development
-Teaching
Examples of self-care requisites are:
-Wound care
-Activities of Daily Living
-Bowel program
-Glucose monitoring
what are the three theory of nursing system
Wholly compensatory support
Partial compensatory support
supportive/ educative compensatory support
what are the three theory of nursing system
Wholly compensatory support
Partial compensatory support
Supportive/educative compensatory
patient is unable to complete any self-care independently; nursing compensates for patient’s inability to perform self-care.
Wholly compensatory support
patient is able to perform self-care tasks with partial or no assistance from nursing.
Partial compensatory support
patient able to perform tasks independently. Nursing provides ongoing education and support
. Supportive/educative compensatory
DEFINED HEALTH AS
a state characterized by soundness or wholeness of developed human structures and of bodily and mental functioning.
DOROTHEA OREM
DEFINED PEOPLE AS
is viewed biologically, symbolically and socially but still as a whole person. This person is considered to be able to provide self-care
DOROTHEA OREM
DEFINED NURSING AS
is how a health care professional
develops a plan of care to meet the patient’s self-care needs
DOROTHEA OREM
DEFINED ENVIRONMENT AS
the physical, chemical, biologic and social factors that make up who a person is.
DOROTHEA OREM
Goal attainment theory
IMOGENE KING
JANUARY 30, 1923
IMOGENE KING
Bachelor in science of nursing from St. Louis University in 1948
IMOGENE KING
Master of science in nursing from St. Louis University in 1957
* Doctorate from Teacher’s college, Columbia University.
IMOGENE KING
Factors which affect the attainment of goal
roles, stress, space & time
is the care of human being
Nursing Focus
is the health of the individual and health care for the group
Nursing Goal
is the health of the individual and health care for the group
Nursing Goal
are open system in constant interaction with the environment
Human Beings
INTERACTING SYSTEMS IN THE THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT
Personal System
Interpersonal system
Social system
- An organized system of social role, behavior and practices
- Organization
- Authority
- Power
- Status
- Decision Making
Social system
- How the nurse interrelates with a coworker or patient, particularly in a nurse-patient relationship
- Interaction
- Communication
- Transaction
- Role
- Stress
Interpersonal system
- Perception
- Self
- Growth and Development
- Body Image
- Time
- Space
Personal System
a means of behavior or activities that are towards the accomplishments of certain act. It is both physical and mental.
ACTION
a form of reacting or a response to a certain stimuli.
REACTION
is any situation wherein the nurse relates and deals with a clientele or patient.
INTERACTION
is any situation wherein the nurse relates and deals with a clientele or patient.
INTERACTION
is a unique observable in which human being communicate with the environment
TRANSACTION
DEFINED PERSON AS
existing in an open system who makes choices and select alternative action
IMOGENE KING
DEFINED HEALTH AS
as continuous adjustment to stress in the internal and external environment
IMOGENE KING
DEFINED ENVIRONMENT AS
as the process of balance involving internal ad external interactions inside the social system
IMOGENE KING
DEFINED NURSING AS
is an observable behavior found in the health care systems in society”. The goal of nursing “is to help individuals maintain their health so they can function in their roles”
IMOGENE KING
Behavioral system model
DOROTHY JOHNSON
AUGUST 21, 1919
DOROTHY JOHNSON
born on August 21, 1919, in Savannah, Georgia.
DOROTHY JOHNSON
She was the youngest of seven children.
DOROTHY JOHNSON
Her father was the superintendent of a shrimp and oyster factory, and her mother was very involved and enjoyed reading.
DOROTHY JOHNSON
In 1938, she finished her associate’s degree at Armstrong Junior College in Savannah, Georgia. Due to the Great Depression, she took a year off from school to be a governess, or teacher, for two children in Miami, Florida.
DOROTHY JOHNSON
4 GOALS OF NURSING
- To assist the patient whose behavior is proportional to social demands.
- To assist the patient who is able to modify his behavior in ways that it supports biological imperatives.
- To assist the patient who is able to benefit to the fullest extent during illness from the physician’s knowledge and skill.
- To assist the patient whose behavior does not give evidence of unnecessary trauma as a consequence of illness
expressed by the behavioral and biological scientists; that is, the output of intra organismic structures and processes as they are coordinated and articulated by and responsive to changes in sensory stimulation.
BEHAVIOR
a whole that functions as a whole by virtue of the interdependence of its parts, that there is “organization, interaction, interdependency, and integration of the parts and elements
SYSTEM
is a patterned, repetitive, and purposeful ways of behaving. These ways of behaving form an organized and integrated functional unit that determines and limits the interaction between the person and his or her environment and establishes the relationship of the person to the objects, events, and situations within his or her environment.
BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM
is “a mini system with its own particular goal and function that can be maintained as long as its relationship to the other subsystems or the environment is not disturbed”
SUBSYSTEM
Internal or external stimuli that produce tension and result in a degree of instability
STRESSOR
DEFINED PERSON AS
Human being as having two major systems, the biological system and the behavioral system. It is role of the medicine to focus on biological system whereas Nursling’s focus is the behavioral system
DOROTHY JOHNSON
DEFINED ENVIRONMENT AS
any factor influencing the behavioral subsystem manipulated by the nurse to achieve health
DOROTHY JOHNSON
DEFINED HEALTH AS
the lack of balance in the structural or functional requirements of the subsystems leads to poor health
DOROTHY JOHNSON
DOROTHY JOHNSON’S BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM MODEL CONTAINS WHAT
-DEPENDENCY
-AGGRESSIVE
-INGESTIVE/ELIMINATIVE
-SEXUAL
-ACHIEVEMENT
DEFINED NURSING AS
an external regulatory force which acts to preserve the organization and integration of the patient’s behaviors at an optimum level under those conditions in which the behaviors constitutes a threat to the physical or social health, or in which illness is found.
DOROTHY JOHNSON
(born October 14, 1939)
SISTER CALLISTA L. ROY
Adaptation model
SISTER CALLISTA L. ROY
She received her Bachelor of Arts Major in Nursing from Mount Saint Mary’s College in Los Angeles in 1963 and her master’s degree in nursing from the University of California in 1966.
SISTER CALLISTA L. ROY
The________focuses on the inter relatedness of four adaptive systems
(RAM) ROY ADAPTATION MODEL
It focuses on persons coping (adaptative) abilities in response to constantly to changing environment
ADAPTATION MODEL
“_______represents the condition of the life processes described on three levels as integrated, compensatory, and compromised”
ADAPTATION LEVEL
type of stimuli that the degree of change or stimulus more immediately confronting the person and the one to which the person must make adaptive response
focal
type of stimuli that are present to contribute to the behavior caused or precipitated by the focal stimuli
contextual
type of stimuli that are factors that may be affecting behavior but whose efforts are not validated
residual
“are innate or acquired ways of interacting with the changing environment”
Coping Processes
“are genetically determined or common to the species and are generally viewed as automatic processes; humans do not have to think about them”
Innate Coping Mechanisms Innate coping mechanisms
“are developed through strategies such as learning. The experiences encountered throughout life contribute to customary responses to particular stimuli”
Acquired coping mechanisms
what are the four adaptation modes
- physiological mechanism
- self-concept
- interdependence
- role function
a major coping mechanism which responds automatically through physiological adaptive mode, responds automatically through neural, chemical, and endocrine coping processes
Regulator subsystem
a major coping subsystem responds to complex processes of perception and information processing, judgement and emotions
The cognator
defined people as
both individually and in groups, as holistic adaptive systems, complete with coping processes acting to maintain adaptation and to promote person and environment Transformations
callista roy
defined health as
the reflection of personal and environmental interactions that are adaptive.
callista roy
defined environment as
conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the development and behavior of individuals and groups
callista roy
defined nursing as
The goal of NURSING was the first major concept of her nursing model to be described. She identifies the unique function of nursing in promoting health
callista roy
System model
BETTY NEUMAN
born in september 11, 1924 near Lowell, Ohio.
BETTY NEUMAN
She grew up on a farm which later encouraged her to help people who are in need.
BETTY NEUMAN
Her father was a farmer who became sick and died at the age of 36.
BETTY NEUMAN
Her mother was a self-educated midwife that led the young Neuman to be always influenced by the commitment that took her away from home from time to time.
BETTY NEUMAN
focuses on the different stressors patients have and ways to relieve the stress from the different stressors.
Neuman System Model
he role of the nurse is the to keep the system stable through out the three level of prevention; primary, secondary, and tertiary.
SYSTEM MODEL
- Clients are viewed as wholes whose parts are in dynamic interaction.
- The model considers all variables simultaneously affecting the client system: physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual.
WHOLISTIC APPROACH
A system is open when there is a continuous flow of input and processes, output, and feedback. Stress and reaction to stress are basic components of an open system
OPEN SYSTEM
The client as a system exchanges energy, information, and matter with the environment as well as other parts and subparts of the system as it uses available energy resources to move toward stability and Wholeness
FUNCTION OR PROCESS
For the client as a system, input and output are the matter, energy, and information that are exchanged between the client and the environment
- INPUT OR OUTPUT
System output in the form of matter, energy, and information serves as feedback for future input for corrective action to change, enhance, or stabilize the System
FEEDBACK
The client system is a composite of five variables (physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual) in interaction with the environment.
- CLIENT SYSTEM
5 TYPE OF STRESSOR
- Physiological stressors
- Psychological stressors
- Socio-cultural stressors
- Developmental stressors
- Spiritual stressors
