MATERNAL WEEK 3 Flashcards
• The concept of enhancing the quality of families w/c includes:
• Regulating & spacing childbirth
• Helping subfertile couples beget children
• Counseling parents and would-be parents
Family planning
To counsel, reassure, give information and allow an individual/couple to decide his/her/their course of action according to what he/she think is appropriate for them and in accordance to their own personal, societal, religious beliefs & values
Function of the Health Professional in Family Planning
FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES
Temporary conception control
Sterilization/ permanent conception control
Temporary conception control
• Methods used to prevent conception • Methods used to prevent ovulation
• Methods used to prevent implantation
Sterilization/ permanent conception control
• Tubal Occlusion / Bilateral Tubal Ligation
• Vasectomy or Vas Ligation
METHODS USED TO PREVENT CONCEPTION
natural methods
CALENDAR METHOD
Billings or CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD
Lactational Amenorrhea Method
LOCAL BARRIER METHODS
natural methods
Coitus interruptus
WITHDRAWAL
Coitus reservatus
Rhythmic abstinence
Oldest type of birth control practiced
by man.
The premature withdrawal of the
penis before ejaculation during
sexual intercourse
Not accepted by the Catholic Church
Coitus interruptus
○ Removal of penis from the vagina
before ejaculation occurs
○ NOT a sufficient method of birth
control by itself
○ Effectiveness rate is 80% (very
unpredictable in teens, wide
variation)
○ 1 of 5 women practicing withdrawal
become pregnant
○ Very difficult for a male to ‘control’
WITHDRAWAL
• Male does not reach orgasm and therefore
no ejaculation occurs
• Requires considerable control over the sexual urge
Coitus reservatus
Identification of the periods of fertility and the periods of sterility in the menstrual cycle of a woman and the restriction of sexual intercourse to the sterile periods or the time when the pregnancy is unlikely because the woman is biologically unprepared to conceive.
Rhythmic abstinence
Also known as “safe or infertile period” technique and “natural birth control” or NFP because there is nothing artificial used to prevent conception.
Rhythmic abstinence
• The use of mathematical calculations to predict the probable time of ovulation.
CALENDAR METHOD
“Ovulation most often takes place____ days before the onset of the next menstruation.”
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____________formula:
Ogino-knaus
• This relies on slight changes (0.3 to 0.6oC) in basal body temp. that may occur just before ovulation
BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE
_____________ temperature is low because of high estrogen levels
Pre-ovulatory
______________temp. rise is due to high progesterone
Post-ovulatory
A particular type of cervical mucus felt by the woman at the vaginal opening is a signal of ovulation
Billings or CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD
This type of mucus is described as “clear and transluscent and about the consistency of raw egg white.”
Billings or CERVICAL MUCUS
Phases of Wetness/Dryness
1.Wet – menstruation
2.Dry – basic infertile pattern
1.Wet – days of possible fertility
2.Dry – infertile days
is based on scientific evidence that a woman is not fertile and unlikely to become pregnant during full lactation or exclusive breastfeeding.
Lactational Amenorrhea Method
Test kits that measures the level of LH and predict ovulation are now available in USA and other countries.
• These kits detect the level of LH in the urine w/c surges 12-24 hours before ovulation
Ovulation Detection Test Kits
It is 98 to 100% effective.
• When a woman sees that her LH level is high, she should avoid coitus.
Ovulation Detection Test Kits
can reduce the chance of a pregnancy by 75% if taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex
Emergency Contraception
75 – 84% effective in reducing pregnancy
• Floods the ovaries with high amount of hormone and prevents ovulation
Emergency Contraception (ECP)
Two sets of Emergency contraception pills taken exactly___ hours apart
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LOCAL BARRIER METHODS
CONDOM
Vaginal Diaphragm
Cervical cap
• A thin stretchable rubber sheath worn over the penis by the man during intercourse.
• Pregnancy rate is 7- 28%
• Added potential of preventing STD’s
Condom
• Perfect effectiveness rate = 97%
• Typical effectiveness rate = 88%
Male condom
• A shallow,dome-shaped rubber device with a flexible wire rim that covers the cervix; maybe inserted several hours before intercourse and left in place for at least 6 hours after the last intercourse
• Initially fitted by a health professional
• Weight loss/gain of 15 lbs may require re-fitting
Vaginal Diaphragm
Barrier method: the________ fits snugly over the cervix, preventing sperm from entering the uterus
cervical cap
PREVENTION OF OVULATION
• Use of contraceptives:
• Pills
• Injectable
•Implant
Estrogen & progesterone prevent pregnancy by inhibiting the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary so that ovulation does not occur.
They also inhibit fertility by:
1. Altering the motility of the fallopian tubes
2. Inadequately developing the endometrium
3. Keeping cervical mucus unreceptive and unsupportive of sperm
Contraceptive pills
contain both progesterone & estrogen; taken from day 5 to day 25 of the menstrual cycle
Combination pills
taken from day 5-19
Contains estrogen
taken from day 20-25
Contains progestin-
Before starting CP, the woman must undergo ________ __________and ___________to rule out contraindications. CP should be prescribed by a physician.
physical examination, pelvic exam
Pap smear
__________will occur around 4 days after stopping pills
Bleeding
Contraceptive pills
• If accidentally taken by a child, side-effect is_______________, stimulate vomiting by giving child syrup of __________
increased blood clotting
ipecac
Danger signs: ACHES
A- abdominal pain
• C-chest pain and dyspnea • H- headache
• E-eye problems
• S- severe leg pain
is common in long term user so that it is advisable to take folic acid supplement
Folic acid deficiency
If used by adolescent, they should have a regular menstruation for at least two years before beginning OC use.
Folic acid deficiency
6 tiny silicone rubber capsules or 2 rods containing progestin
evonorgestiel
surgically implanted under the skin of the upper arm; removed surgically in about 5 years or when the woman wishes to discontinue the method.
Implant (Norplant)
Injectable contraceptive
Depo-provera, Noristerat
Birth control shot given once every three months to prevent pregnancy
99.7% effective preventing pregnancy
No daily pills to remember
Depo-Provera
• The same way as the Pill! • Stops ovulation
• Stops menstrual cycles!!
• Thickens cervical mucus
Depo-Provera
