SKIN Flashcards
arises from free nerve endings (nonmyelinated
- Itching - Pruritus
Severe Itching
Pruritus
o Like itching, may be localized or generalized acute or chronic, and caused by an obvious dermatologic problem or an underlying systemic problem.
RASHES
Temperature fluctuations
Cold Urticaria
Air humidity
o Warm Weather Skin Rash
Exposure to contaminants
Cutaneous Anthrax
The most common types are caused by vascular disease or pressure or by diabetes.
Non - healing sore or chronic ulceration
▪ Decrease in color of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the body. Best observed around fingernails, lips, palpebral conjunctiva, and oral mucosa; likewise, on the palms of hands and soles of feet
PALLOR
▪ Bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen or poor tissue perfusion ▪ best observed on the lips and nail beds
Cyanosis
Cause by diseases of heart and lungs. Bluish discoloration of tongue and linings of the mouth.
CENTRAL CYANOSIS
Results from decreased peripheral circulation. Seen at the arms and legs.
PERIPHERAL CYANOSIS
Also known as icterus; a yellowish appearance of the skin, sclera, mucous membranes, and excretions related to hepatobiliary disorders or hemolytic diseases.
Jaundice
Redness of the skin due to congestion of the capillaries
Erythema
BIRTHMARKS
Hyperpigmentation
Destruction of melanocytes in the area.
Hypopigmentation
VITILIGO
Complete or partial lack of melanin.
Hypopigmentation
ALBINISM
Odors from excessive sweating
(hyperhydrosis)
Possible thyrotoxicosis
excess thyroid hormone)
Odors from night sweats
Possible tuberculosis
Urine odor
Incontinence problem
▪ Initial alteration in the skin
▪ abscess, ulcer, tumor, and open wound
Primary skin lesions
▪ Arises from a change in a primary lesion
▪ crusts, kelloids, scars
Secondary skin lesions
The ABCDE of Lesions
▪ Assymetry
▪ Border Irregularity
▪ Color Variations
▪ Diameter
▪ Elevation
Small, flat, nonpalpable skin color change (skin color may be brown, white, tan, purple, red).
Macule and Patch
- The collection of small blood vessels
Cherry Angioma (Macule)
small brown patches on the skin typically on elderly people
Lentigines (Macule)
- tiny circular bleeding under the skin
▪ Petechiae (Macule)
bright red rash that covers most of the body, bacterial illness that develops in people with strep throat
Scarlet fever (Macule)
- mask of pregnancy
Chloasma (PATCH)
- congenital dermal melanocytosis. flat and blue-gray
- typically appear on the buttocks or lower back, but may also be found on the arms or legs
Mongolian spot (PATCH)
- discoloration of the human skin caused by a vascular anomaly
- a capillary malformation in the skin
Port-wine stain (PATCH)
*A long-term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment
▪ Vitiligo (PATCH)
▪ Elevated Nevi
▪ benign (noncancerous) moles, also known as dysplastic nevi
▪ Warts
▪ growths on skin caused by an infection with humanpapilloma virus, or HPV
Papules
▪ Actinic Keratosis
▪ crusty, scaly growth caused by damage from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation
▪ Psoriasis
Plaque
o Elevated mass with transient borders that is often irregular. Size and color vary. Collection of edema fluid into the dermis. Raised, superficial, and temporary.
Wheal
- outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps or plaques on the skin that appear suddenly
- either as a result of the body’s reaction to certain allergens, or for unknown reasons
HIVES (wheals)
- lump of fatty tissue between your skin and the underlying muscle
- it feels rubbery, and you may be able to move it around a bit
- usually painless, harmless, and not cancerous
Lipoma (NODULES)
- the second most common form of skin cancer
- usually found on areas of the body damaged by UV rays from the sun or tanning beds
Squamous cell carcinoma (NODULES)
- superficial benign fibrous histiocytoma
- a common cutaneous nodule of unknown etiology that occurs more often in women
- frequently develops on the extremities (mostly the lower legs) and is usually asymptomatic, although pruritus and tenderness can be present
Dermatofibroma (NODULES)
o Encapsulated fluid-filled or semisolid mass that is located in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis o 1 cm or larger elevated o Palpable, solid with depth into dermis
Cyst