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REVIEWER PO > PHARMA WEEK 1 > Flashcards

PHARMA WEEK 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is the study of drugs and its origin, chemical structure, preparation, administration, action, metabolism and excretion.

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing drugs. It also refers to the place where drugs are prepared and dispensed

A

PHARMACY

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3
Q

a person licensed to prepare and dispense drugs to make up prescriptions.

A

PHARMACIST

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4
Q

PHARMACOLOGY STUDY

A

Clinical pharmacology

Toxicology

Pharmacy

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5
Q

a person licensed to prepare and dispense drugs and make up prescriptions

A

Pharmacist

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6
Q

is a specialist who often guides the physician in prescribing drugs.

A

CLINICAL PHARMACIST

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7
Q

TOPICAL MEDICATIONS

A

Transdermal Patch

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8
Q

Can be used for self administration

Disadvantage: causes discomfort

A

RECTUS FEMORIS

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9
Q

● Rapid absorption for adults

● Cannot administer more than 1 ml.

A

Deltoid

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10
Q

CONTRAINDICATED:
● children under 3 y/o
● Increased risk of striking the SCIATIC NERVE

A

Dorsogluteal

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11
Q

Site of choice for 1 y/o and younger

● Infants with fully developed gluteal
muscles

A

Ventrogluteal

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12
Q

4 primary reason for giving drugs parenterally:

A
  1. Unable to take oral drugs
  2. Need a drug that acts rapidly
  3. Need a constant blood level of the drug
  4. Need drugs such as Insulin, which are not made in an oral form.
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13
Q

Most common route

A

ORAL MEDICATION

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14
Q

OBSERVE THE TEN RIGHTS

A
  1. Right Client
  2. Right Medication
  3. Right Dose
  4. Right Time
  5. Right Route
  6. Right Client Education
  7. Right Documentation
  8. Right to Refuse
  9. Right Assessment
  10. Right Evaluation
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15
Q

one several drugs mixed with a firm base such as gelatin and shaped for insertion into the body; the base dissolves gradually at body temperature, releasing the drug.

A

Suppository

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16
Q

a semipermeable membrane shaped in the form of a disc patch that contains a drug to be absorbe through the skin over a long period of tin

A

Transdermal patch

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17
Q

a medication mixed with alcohol, oil, or soapy emollient and applied to the skin.

A

Liniment

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18
Q

a non-greasy, semi solid preparation used on the skin.

A

Cream

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19
Q

a preparation like an ointment, but thicker and stiff, that penetrates the skin less than an ointment

A

Paste

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20
Q

a semisolid preparation of one or more drugs used for application to the skin less than an ointment.

A

Ointment

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21
Q

a medication in a liquid suspension applied to the skin.

A

Lotion

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22
Q

a clear or translucent semi solid that liquefies when applied to the skin.

A

Gel or jelly

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23
Q

a finely ground drug or drugs; some are used internally, other externally.

A

Powder

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24
Q

one or more drugs mixed with a cohesive material, in oval, round, or flattened shapes.

A

Pill

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25
Q

a flat, round, or oval preparation that dissolves and releases a drug when held in the mouth.

A

Lozenge (troche)

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26
Q

a powdered drug compressed into a hard small disc

A

Tablet

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27
Q

a gelatinous container to hold a drug in powder, liquid, or oil form.

A

Capsule

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28
Q

a solid form, shaped like a capsule, coated and easily swallowed.

A

Caplet

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29
Q

an aqueous solution of sugar often used to disguise unpleasant tasting drugs

A

Syrup

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30
Q

a concentrated form of a drug made from vegetables or animals.

A

Extract

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31
Q

a sweetened and aromatic solution of alcohol used as a vehicle for medicinal agents.

A

Elixir

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32
Q

one or more drugs finely divided in a liquid such as water.

A

Aqueous suspension

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33
Q

one or more drugs dissolved in water.

A

Aqueous solution

34
Q

a liquid, powder, or foam deposited in a thin layer on the skin by air pressure.

A

Aerosol spray of foam

35
Q

is a compilation of the package insert information from drugs used in this country, along with some drug advertising.

A

Physician’s Drug Reference (PDR)

36
Q

has drug monographs organized alphabetically and includes nursing implications and patient teaching points.

A

Nursing Drug Guide (NDG)

37
Q

contains all of the chemical and study information that led to the drug’s approval.

A

Package inserts

38
Q

identifies the brand and generic names for the drug, the drug dosage, the expiration date, and special drug warnings.

A

Drug Labels

39
Q

Individual drugs that represent groups of drugs are called

A

Prototype drugs

40
Q

responsible for safeguarding public health & safety Protecting the public health through the enforcement of its standards.

A

FDA

41
Q

drugs with abuse potential

A

Controlled Substances

42
Q

are drugs no longer protected by patent and can be produced by companies other than the one that developed it.

A

Generic drugs

43
Q

drugs are available without a prescription and are deemed safe when used as directed.

A

Over-the-counter (OTC)

44
Q

are drugs that have been discovered but are not financially viable and therefore have not been “adopted” by any drug company.

A

Orphan drugs

45
Q

> drugs approved for marketing by FDA > continues evaluation

A

PHASE 4

46
Q

> chemicals cleared for large-scale clinical studies > some chemicals may not advance further in the next phase due to the following criteria:

A

PHASE III

47
Q

> chemicals cleared for limited clinical studies
some may not further proceed with the evaluation due to the following criteria
less effective than expected
are too toxic
produce unacceptable side effects
have a low benefit-to-risk ratio
are not as effective as available drugs
test potential drugs on patients who have the disease the drugs are designed to treat.

A

Phase II

48
Q

> chemicals cleared for human testing, there are significant therapeutic benefits.
testing done on healthy male subjects
companies begin developing a brand name >test potential drugs on healthy human subjects.

A

Phase I

49
Q

= testing done on laboratory performed in animals
= tests efficacy and toxicity, at different doses, it predicts whether the drug will cause harm to humans.

A

PRECLINICAL TRIAL

50
Q

series of scientific tests to evaluate the actual therapeutic and toxic effects of chemicals

A

DRUG EVALUATION

51
Q

the branch of science concerned with the nature, effects, and detection of poisons.the measurement and analysis of potential toxins, intoxicating or banned substances, and prescription medications present in a person’s body

A

Toxicology

52
Q

the practice of monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been licensed for use especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse reactions.

A

Pharmacovigilance

53
Q

the study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs. Beneficial and adverse effects of drugs.

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

54
Q

the branch of knowledge concerned with medicinal drugs obtained from plants or other natural resources

A

Pharmacognosy

55
Q

The study of drug movement throughout the body. How the body deals with medications. Actions and side effects of medications in patients.

A

Pharmacokinetics

56
Q

Refers to how a medicine changes the body the branch of pharmacology concerned with mechanisms of drug action and the relationships between drug concentration and responses in the body.

A

Pharmacodynamics

57
Q

occurs when two different drugs increase the action of one or another drug.

A

SYNERGISTIC EFFECT

58
Q

when two of the same types of drug increase the action of each other

A

ADDITIVE EFFECT

59
Q

increasing the effect of drug

A

POTENTIATING EFFECT

60
Q

decreasing the effect of drug

A

INHIBITING EFFECT

61
Q

occurs when the administration of one drug before, at the same time as, or after another drug alters the effect of one or both drugs.
• may be beneficial or harmful.

A

DRUG INTERACTION

62
Q

exists in person with unusually low physiologic response to a drug

A

Drug Tolerance

63
Q
  • immunologic reaction to drug or hypersensitivity
  • should have skin test for IV drugs
  • should ask patient for allergy in oral drugs
  • if the pt. have many food allergy then ask the doc.
A

Drug Allergy

64
Q

deleterious effects of a drug resulting from over dosage, ingestion of external use drug, and accumulation on the blood stream

A

Drug Toxicity

65
Q

also referred as the secondary effect (unintended effect)

A

Side Effect

66
Q
  • Also referred as the desired effect (primary effect intended)
A

Therapeutic Effect

67
Q

written direction for the preparation and administration of drugs.

A

PRESCRIPTION

68
Q

is a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or relief of symptoms or for prevention of disease.

A

MEDICATION

69
Q

Name that describes the atomic or chemical structure.

A

Chemical Name

70
Q

Name given by the manufacturer of the drug

A

Brand Name or Trade Name

71
Q

Name approved by the Medical or Pharmaceutical Associations in the original country of manufacture and is adopted by all countries

A

Generic or Nonproprietary Name

72
Q
  • Are chemicals that alter physiochemical processes in body cell.
  • They can stimulate or inhibit normal cellular functions.
  • Used interchangeably with medicines.
    Drug Definition
A

Drug

73
Q

Father of American Pharmacology

A

John Jacob Abel

74
Q

(first isolated morphine from opium, injected himself and three other friends with huge doses (100mg)

A

Fredrich Serturner

75
Q

study their effects in animals

A

Pharmacologists

76
Q

isolates specific substances from complex mixtures

A

Early 1800s
- Chemists

77
Q

First recorded reference to the word pharmacology.

A

Pharmacologia sen Manuductio and Materia Medicum

78
Q

Archives of remedies on a document known as

A

Erb’s Papyrus

79
Q

a 40- volume compendium of plant remedies dating to 2700 B.C.

A

Pen Tsao (great herbal)

80
Q

Earliest surviving “prescriptions” on clay tablets in 3000 B.C.

A

Babylonians

REVIEWER PO (26 decks)

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