Respi Flashcards
consists of the nose and nares also referred to as the nostrils, the pharynx, and the larynx;
• The UPPER respiratory tract
consists of the trachea, the
bronchi, the lungs, and the
alveoli.
• The LOWER respiratory tract
Filter environmental air to free it of bacteria and other harmful substances such as dust and air pollution.
CILIA
the intake of air into the
lungs through expansion of chest volume.
Inhalation
the expulsion of air from
the lungs through contraction of chest
volume.
Exhalation
– primary respiratory system
– Rate and depth of respirations
Medulla oblongata
• Moderates the rhythm of inspiration and expiration
• Pons
– Cough Reflex
• Reflex Control
– Act to reduce oxygen level
• Peripheral Control (Carotid and Aortic
bodies)
• is the act of breathing.
• supply the body with oxygen for metabolic activity and to remove carbon dioxide.
RESPIRATION
• The movement of air in and out of the lungs
• Involves three forces:
– Compliance
– Surface Tension
– Muscular Effort
VENTILATION
• Blood flow from the right side of the heart, through the pulmonary circulation, and into the left side of the heart.
PULMONARY PERFUSION
• Gas movement from an area of greater to lesser concentration through a semipermeable membrane
DIFFUSION
– deep, rapid respiration
due to excessive
amount of air in lungs
• HYPERVENTILATION
– slow respiration and
causes of retention
of carbon dioxide
• HYPOVENTILATION
– difficult and
labored breathing.
• DYSPNEA
– ability to breath only
in upright position or
sitting position
• ORTHOPNEA
• Comfortable and simple, and allows client to move about in bed.
• Delivers 25% to 40% oxygen at flow rates of 4 to 6 L/min.
• Difficult to keep in position unless client is alert and cooperative.
NASAL PRONGS/CANNULA
•Allows for accurate delivery of prescribed concentration of oxygen.
•Delivers 24% to 50% oxygen at flow rates of 4 to 8 L/min.
•Useful in long-term treatment of COPD.
VENTURI MASK
• Poorly tolerated—used for
short periods of time; feeling
of “suffocation.”
• Delivers 50% to 60% oxygen
at flow rates of 8 to 12 L/min.
• Hot—may produce pressure
sores around nose and mouth.
SIMPLE 02 FACE MASK
• Oxygen flow rate prevents
collapse of bag during
inhalation.
• Delivers 90% to 95%
oxygen at flow rates of 10
to 12 L/min.
• Ideal for severe hypoxia,
but client may complain
of feelings of suffocation.
NON-REBREATHER MASK
• HAS A TWO-WAY VALVE allows you to breathe a mix of pure oxygen combined with your breath for a lower and variable amount of oxygen.
• typically delivers 50 to 70 percent oxygen.
They’re useful in situations when people have extremely low levels of blood oxygen, since they can quickly deliver oxygen to your blood.
PARTIAL REBREATHER MASK
• Provides humidification and enriched oxygen
mixtures to tracheostomy or endotracheal tube.
• Delivers up to 100% oxygen at flow rates at least
twice the minute ventilation
TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE/ENDOTRACHEAL
TUBE
gas flows into the client until a predetermined
airway pressure is reached.
Pressure cycled
gas flows for a certain percentage of time during ventilatory
cycle.
Time cycled
most common ventilators used; tidal volume
is determined, and a fixed volume is delivered with each breath.
Volume cycled
machine delivers a breath at a fixed rate
regardless of client’s effort or demands.
Controlled
machine senses a client’s efforts to
breathe and delivers a fixed tidal volume with each effort.
Assist-controlled
breaths are
delivered by the machine, but the client may also breathe
spontaneously without machine assistance.
Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
client breathes spontaneously and
determines ventilator rate.
Pressure support
determined by the
respiratory rate and the tidal volume. A
respiratory rate of 10 to 15 breaths/min is
considered appropriate.
Minute ventilation
maintenance of positive airway
pressure at the end of expiration.
Positive end-expiratory pressure
(PEEP)
is a
benign, self-limited condition that can present
in infants of any gestational age, shortly after birth
Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
