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REVIEWER PO > Pharma Week 2 > Flashcards

Pharma Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

is the study of the effect of drugs on the body.

A

Pharmacodynamics

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2
Q

Drugs act within the body to mimic the actions of the body’s own chemical messengers.

A

Pharmacodynamics

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3
Q

is the body’s physiological response to changes in drug concentration at the site of action

A

Dose-Response Relationship

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4
Q

refers to the amount of drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug

A

Potency

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5
Q

magnitude of effect a drug can cause when exerting its maximal effect.

A

Efficacy

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6
Q

the point at which increasing a drug dosage no longer increases the desired therapeutic response.

A

Maximal efficacy

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7
Q

describes the relationship between the therapeutic dose of a drug (ED50) and the toxic dose of a drug (TD50)

A

Therapeutic Index – (TI)

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8
Q

is the dose of a drug that produces a therapeutic response in 50% of the population.

A

Therapeutic dose of a drug

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9
Q

is the dose that produces a toxic response in 50% of the population.

A

Toxic dose of a drug

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10
Q

is the time it takes for a drug to reach the minimum effective concentration (MEC) after administration.

Time from drug administration to first observable effect (T0-T1)

A

Onset

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11
Q

occurs when it reaches its highest concentration in the blood/plasma concentration. T0-T2

A

Peak

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12
Q

is the length of time the drug exerts a therapeutic effect. period from onset until the drug effect is no longer seen. T1-T3

A

Duration of action

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13
Q

can be determined by measuring peak and trough drug levels.

A

Drug concentration

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14
Q

highest plasma concentration. 30 minutes after infusion.

A

Peak

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15
Q

lowest plasma concentration. 30 minutes prior to the next infusion.

A

Trough

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16
Q

Certain portion of drug molecule (active site) selectively combines with some molecular structure (reactive site) on the cell to produce a biologic effect

A

Drug-Receptor Interaction

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17
Q

drugs act at specific areas on cell membranes; react with certain chemicals to cause an effect within the cell

A

Receptor site

18
Q

specific chemical (key) approaches a cell membrane and finds fit (the lock) at receptor site- affects enzyme system within cell- produce certain effects. Drug+Receptor=Effect

A

“Lock and Key Theory”

19
Q

Interferes with enzyme systems that act as catalyst from various chemical reactions

If single step in one of enzyme system is blocked- normal function is disrupted

A

Drug-Enzyme Interaction

20
Q

Act by biophysical means that do not affect cellular/enzymatic reactions.

drugs do not bind to receptors but instead saturate the water or lipid part of a cell- drug actions occur based on the degree of saturation. Neutralization of stomach acid by antacids.

A

Nonspecific Drug Interaction

21
Q

Specific action on cellular structures that are unique to the microbe. All chemotherapeutic agents would act only in one enzyme system needed for life of a pathogen or neoplastic cell.

It is essential to the pathogen but not to the host.

A

Selective toxicity

22
Q

always desirable/physiologic effects

A

Primary

23
Q

desirable or undesirable

Example: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Primary effect: antihistamine; treat symptoms of allergy Secondary: Drowsiness

A

Secondary

24
Q

few seconds to minutes
- IV, SL, Inhalations

A

Rapid

25
Q

1-2 hours after administration -IM,SC

A

Intermediate

26
Q

several hours after administration - Oral, rectal

A

Delayed/Slow

27
Q

increased rate of cell activity/ secretion from the gland T3/T4 for hypothyroidism

A

Stimulation

28
Q

decreased cell activity and function of a specific organ. Iodine, propylthiouracil

A

Depression

29
Q

replaces essential body compounds Example: Insulin

A

Replacement

30
Q

Interfere with bacterial cell growth

Example: Antibiotics

A

Inhibition/Killing of Organism

31
Q

Example: Laxative- irritate the inner wall of colon—increased peristalsis— increased defecation

A

Irritation

32
Q

drugs with similar actions are taken for a doubled effect 1+1=2

Ibuprofen + paracetamol= added analgesic effect
Codeine with acetaminophen = better pain control

A

Additive Effect

33
Q

combined effect of 2 drugs is greater than the sum of the effectofeachdruggivenalone; 1+1=3

Aspirin = 30% analgesic effect
codeine – 30% analgesic effect combination = 90% analgesic effect

A

Synergistic

34
Q

combined effect of 2 drugs is greater than the sum of the effectofeachdruggivenalone; 1+1=3

Aspirin = 30% analgesic effect
codeine – 30% analgesic effect combination = 90% analgesic effect

A

Synergistic

35
Q

drug that has no effect enhances the effects of the second drug
0+1=2

Alcohol enhances the analgesic activity of aspirin. Prozac + Zestril

A

Potentiation

36
Q

one drug inhibits the effect of another drug 1+1=0

Tetracycline + antacid= decreased absorption of tetracycline

Charcoal in alkaloidal poisoning

A

Antagonistic

37
Q

Results from the pharmacologic effects of the drug
Most common as a result of lack of specificity of action within the therapeutic range.

A

Side Effects

38
Q

Unpredictable adverse drug effects; more serious
Response to patient’s immunological system to the presence of the drug Do not occur unless the patient has been previously exposed to the agent/ chemical related compound

A

Allergic Reactions

39
Q

Occurs when the patient is first exposed to the drug
Abnormal reactivity to the drug caused by a genetic difference between the patient and normal individual.

a patient with G6PD deficiency will have anemia by using antioxidants.

A

Idiosyncratic Reaction

40
Q

The degree to which a drug can be poisonous and thus harmful to the human body.

A

Toxicity

41
Q

Unintentional responses as a result of medical treatment Nephrotoxicity; ototoxicity

A

Iatrogenic responses

REVIEWER PO (26 decks)

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