TFN Flashcards
Organizedsystem ofacceptedknowledgethatiscomposed
of concepts,propositions,
definitions
andassumptionsintendedtoexplainaset offact,eventsorphenomena
Theory
Clearly documents the goal ofdeveloping a substantivebody of nursing knowledge toguide the nursing practice
Evolution of nursing theory
Addressed the question ofwhat prospective nursesshould studyin order tolearnhow to be a nurse
Curriculum era
- Came about as more nursesembracedhigher
education
wasperceivedasthepathto newknowledge
Research era
- Master’sdegreein Nursingemerged
- Includea courses in conceptdevelopmentor nursingtheory
Graduate education era
- Researchwithout(?)produced
isolatedinformation - Doctoraleducflourishedwithemphasis
ontheorydevelopment
Theory era
Restores thecentralityofnursing practice andrecognizestheoryandresearchastoolsof practiceratherthanends inthemselves.
Utilization era
Provider thecorestructurethatgives
direction andpurposetothosewho
practiceit.
Nursing theory development
- Primarilyusedtodevelopandguide nursingeducationinuniversitiesand institutions
- Curriculumwasbuiltbasedonrecognizednursingmodels
Education
- Inspiredfromtheoreticalassumptions
orconceptualframeworks
Evolutionoftechnology,ideasandemergingnursing issuesprovideanswersto questions r/tpractice
Research
- Guidescriticalthinkinganddecision
makinginclinicalnursing practice
Strengthenprofessionalindependencebyguidingthedeepestandmostimportantpart oftheirpractice
Clinical practice
- Term used to describe a phenomenon or group ofphenomena.
- Gives meaning to phenomena that can directly orindirectly be seen, heard, smell, tasted.
Concept are ideas, generalizations formed in themind.
Concept
indirectly observed,intangible.It does not exist at aparticular time or place but as a type ofthing.
Abstract concept
directly observed ortangible.It should be defined asobservable
Concrete concept
- Arerepresentationsofanideaorbody ofknowledgebased on the own understandingorperception of a person or researcher on acertain topic, phenomena or theory.
Conceptual framework
a collection ofinterrelated concepts, like a theory…
* arehighly establishedsetofconcepts thatare testable.
A theoretical structure of assumptions,principles, and rules that holds together theideas comprising a broad concept.
Theoretical framework
explains the relationship ofdifferent concepts.
An example of a proposition is the idea that the death penaltyis a good way to stop crime. An example of aproposition is a suggestion for a change
For example, “Grass is green”, and “2 + 5 = 5” are propositions.
The first proposition has the truth value of “true” andthe second “false”
Proposition
- Refers to a pattern of sharedunderstandings and assumptionsabout reality and the world.(Kozier &Erb’s)
- a typical example or pattern ofsomething; a model.
Paradigm
- Refers to four major concepts superimposedon almost any work in nursing. (person,environment, health, and nursing)
It specifies the main concepts thatencompass the subject matter and thescope of a discipline.(Tomey & Alligood 2010)
Metaparadigm of nursing
the recipient of nursing care ( includesindividual, families, groups and communities).
Person
the internal and external surroundings thataffect the client. (Families, friends and significantothers)
Environment
the degree of wellness orwell beingthat theclient experiences
Health
the attributes, characteristics, and actions of thenurse providing careinbehalf of, or in conjunctionwith the client.
Nursing
“The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery.” is defined by?
Florence Nightingale
“A profession concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual and potential health problems” is defined by?
Ana 1980
“To assist clients in the performance of activities contributing to health, its recovery, or peaceful death that clients will perform unaided, if they had the necessary will, strength or knowledge” is defined by?
Virginia Henderson
Nursing is a “dynamic discipline. It is an art and a science of caring for individuals, families, groups, and communities geared toward promotion and restoration of health, prevention of illness, alleviation of sufferings, and assisting clients to face death with dignity and peace. It is focused on assisting the client as he or she responds to health- illness situation, utilizing nursing process and guided by ethico-legal moral principles” Is defined by?
ADPCN
person who is waiting for or undergoing medical treatment.
Patient
represents the receiver of health care as collaborator in the care.
Client
Scope of nursing
-Promoting Health and Wellness
-Preventing Illness
-Restoring Health
-Caring for the Dying
Ex. Healthy lifestyle (proper nutrition, physical fitness)
Promoting Health and Wellness
immunization, prenatal, prevention of STD
Preventing Illness
focuses on the ill client, and it extends from early detection of disease through helping the client during the recovery period.
Restoring Health
comforting and caring for people of all ages who are dying.
Caring for the Dying
has been defined as an occupation that requires extensive education or a calling that requires special knowledge, skill, and preparation. (Kozier)
Profession
job or career that require widely varying levels of training or education, varying levels of skills, and widely variable defined knowledge bases (McEwen et.al. 2007)
Occupation
is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute, but may refer to any kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or spiritual meaning.
Mysticism
If they used leaves or roots, they were called?
herb doctors (“Herbolarios”).
a widely held but unjustified belief insupernatural causation leading to certain consequences of an action or event, or a practice based o
Superstitions
Persons suffering from diseases without any identified cause were believed to be bewitched by the?
“mangkukulam” or “mangagaway”.
a widely held but unjustified belief insupernatural causation leading to certain consequences of an action or event, or a practice based o
Superstitions
Herbmen were called ???, meaning one who practice witch craft.
“Herbicheros”
emphasize the importance of a “priori” reasoning as the appropriate method for advancing knowledge.
Rationalism
based on the central idea that scientific knowledge can be derived only from sensory experience.
Empiricism
emerged as the dominant view of modern science.
Pocitivism
Propositions that affirm/deny something must be tested through ???
RESEARCH
is viewed as ongoing process, concluded the myth that science can establish final truth
New Epistemology
is the study of the nature and scope of knowledge and justified belief.
Epistemology
are organized bodies of knowledge to define what nursing is, what nurses do, and why they do it.
Nursing theories
The nurse as a member of the health care team, participates in all phases of patient care of the acutely ill, the convalescing and the ambulatory patient.
Hospital or institutional nursing
Focused on the promotion of health and prevention of diseases rather than care of the sick. It needs a deeper involvement and close cooperation with all members of the health team.
Public /Community health nursing
The career ladder of nursing education starts with a clinical instructors position up to the dean of a college of nursing. Responsible for classroom and clinical setting.
Nursing education
nurse gives comprehensive nursing care to a client on a one-on-one ratio.
* She is an independent contractor.
The patient maybe provided care in the hospital or in the home.
Private duty or special duty nursing
- The nurse provides and delivers health care services to workers.
The practice focuses on promotion, protection, and supervision of workers health
Industrial/ Occupational Nursing
- The nurse is responsible for the school’s activities in the areas of health service, health education and environmental health and safety.
School Nursing
requires that a nurse possess general skills. Works in rehabilitation and mental health centers.
Clinic nursing
- the nurse is self-employed and provides professional nursing service to clients and their families. The nurse reach out and offer their services rather than expect clients to seek their help (psychiatric nursing specialist, Inc.)
Independent Nursing Practice
Supports the client by attitudes and actions that show concern for client welfare and accepts of client as a person
Care Provider
Communicates with clients, support persons and collegues to facilitate all nursing actions
Communicator
Provides health teaching to effect behavior change which focuses on acquiring new knowledge or technical skills
Teacher
a socially expected behavior pattern, associated with an individual’s function in various social groups.
ROLE
A legal or moral duty or obligation to deal with.
Responsibility
Help the client to recognize and cope with stressful psychological or social problems to develop improved personal relationships and to promote personal growth
Counselor
The nurse promotes what is best for the client, and protects the client’s right
Client Advocate
The nurse initiates changes and assists the client make lifestyle modifications to promote health
Change agent
The nurse helps the client make decision in establishing and achieving goals to improve his well being
Leader
The nurse plans, gives directions and delegates nursing activities to ancillary workers and evaluates their performance
Manager
the nurse participates in Scientific investigation and uses research findings in practice
Researcher
Florence Nightingale’s good educational background contributed to her achievements in the nursing field. Another contributing factor is
-Her supportive parents who wanted her to become a nurse
-The war which forced her to become a nurse.
-Her beliefs that God called her into nursing service.
-Her husband is a doctor.
Her beliefs that God called her into nursing service.
Which of the following situation shows esthetic knowing?
- Students looked for management of discomforts using line journal
- Nurse Elena tries to placer herself in her client’s “shoes” during the interview process
- Ruben strives to establish meaningful relationship with an elderly client
-Ms.Gutierrezz reprimands a student who was caught cheating and explains the consequences
- Nurse Elena tries to placer herself in her client’s “shoes” during the interview process
In teaching school children about proper nutrition, student nurses used posters showing the basic food groups and presented a play using vegetables as characters. The students used what patterns of knowing?
- Esthetics
- Moral
- Personal
-Empirical
Esthetics
In Nightingale’s theory, she emphasized frequent skin assessment to maintain good skin integrity. Which part of environmental concept refers to this?
- Ventilation and warmth
- Observation
- Personal cleanliness
-Variety
- Personal cleanliness
A nurse practitioner who wants to develop expertise must participate in?
Research
