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TFN > analec finals > Flashcards

analec finals Flashcards

1
Q

Make sure that our body gets the oxygen, nutrients and other things it needs and gets rid of wastes.

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

organ system that distributes blood in all parts of the body.

A

Cardiovascular system

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3
Q

the heart, blood, and blood vessels.

A

Cardiovascular system

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4
Q

functions of the cardiovascular system

A
  • This system carries oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, hormones and other substances.
  • It plays an important role in helping the body meet the demands of activity, exercise, and stress.
  • Protects the body against disease and infection.
    -To help the body maintain a constant body temperature (‘thermoregulation ‘)
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5
Q

Your heart’s conduction system is the ???

A

network of nodes, specialized cells, and electrical signals that keep your heart beating.

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6
Q

TWO TYPES OF CELLS THAT CONTROLS HEARTBEAT

A

Conducting Cells - carries electrical signal.
Muscle Cells - control’s contractions.

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7
Q

carries electrical signal.

A

Conducting Cells

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8
Q

control’s contractions.

A

Muscle Cells

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9
Q

function of the heart conduction system

A

Your heart functions as a pump, propelling blood throughout your body with each beat. During each heartbeat, electrical signals traverse the conduction pathway of your heart. The process initiates with the sinoatrial (SA) node generating an excitation signal.

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10
Q

The (?) instructing them to contract

A

atria

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11
Q

(?) briefly pausing until the atria are emptied of blood

A

Atrioventricular (AV) node

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12
Q

The signal then travels along the (?) transmitting it to the purkinje fibers

A

bundle of his

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13
Q

convey the signal to your ventricles, prompting them to conract

A

purkinje fibers

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14
Q

The electrical signals in your heart make it beat by (?) and (?)

A

expanding and contracting.

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15
Q

The electrical signals in your heart make it beat by expanding and contracting. Basically, it helps keep your (?) and (?) based on what your body needs.

A

heartbeat steady and adjusts the speed

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16
Q

The (?), also known as heart’s natural pacemaker, is like a control center. It sends electrical signals that kickstart your heartbeat.

A

sinoatrial node

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17
Q

The sinoatrial node, also known as heart’s (?), is like a control center. It sends electrical signals that kickstart your heartbeat.

A

natural pacemaker

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18
Q

consistently delays the electrical signal from the SA node by a small fraction of a second. This deliberate delay ensures that your atria, the upper chambers of the heart, have enough time to empty their blood into the ventricles before the contraction cycle concludes.

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV NODE)

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19
Q

AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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20
Q

Known for the “fight or flight” response, speeds up your heart rate by making the SA node work faster

A

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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21
Q

Responsible for the “rest and digest” response, slows down your heart rate by making the SA node work slower.

A

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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22
Q

(?) or the (?) acts as a crucial link in the heart’s communication system. It resembles a bridge made of nerve fibers extending from the AV node. It acts as a messenger, taking the electrical signal from the AV node and passing it along to the Purkinje fibers.

A

The bundle of His, or the atrioventricular bundle

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23
Q

The bundle of His, or the atrioventricular bundle acts as a crucial link in the (?).

A

heart’s communication system.

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24
Q

THE TWO BRANCHES OF BUNDLE OF HIS

A

LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH
RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCH

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25
Q

Sends electrical signals through the Purkinje fibers to your left ventricle.

A

LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH

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26
Q

Sends electrical signals through the Purkinje fibers to your right ventricle.

A

RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCH

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27
Q

are specialized nerve cell branches.

A

Purkinje fibers

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28
Q

Rapidly transmit electrical signals to both the right and left ventricles of the heart.

A

Purkinje fibers

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29
Q

Situated in the subendocardial surface of your ventricle walls.

A

Purkinje fibers

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30
Q

During (?), the heart begins as a tube-like structure.

A

early embryonic development

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31
Q

During early embryonic development, the heart begins as a tube-like structure.

A

Formation of the Heart Tube

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32
Q

The heart tube undergoes looping and partitioning to form distinct chambers – the (?) and (?)

A

atria and ventricles.

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33
Q

The heart tube undergoes looping and partitioning to form distinct chambers – the atria and ventricles.

A

Looping and Partitioning

34
Q

The formation of blood vessels begins with (?), where blood vessels originate from angioblasts (precursor cells).

A

Vasculogenesis

35
Q

The formation of blood vessels begins with vasculogenesis, where blood vessels originate from (?)

A

angioblasts (precursor cells).

36
Q

Involves the sprouting and branching of blood vessels from existing vessels.

A

Angiogenesis

37
Q

Heart valves develop from specialized regions of the heart tube, and their formation is crucial for regulating blood flow within the heart.

A

Valve formation

38
Q

(?) involves the formation of septa (partitions) within the heart to separate the atria and ventricles.

A

Septation

39
Q

Septation involves the formation of (?) within the heart to separate the atria and ventricles.

A

septa (partitions)

40
Q

the cardiovascular system adapts to the unique environment of the womb.

A

Fetal Circulation

41
Q

Blood vessels continue to grow and remodel to accommodate the increasing demands of the developing fetus.

A

Growth of Blood Vessels

42
Q

After birth, the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale typically close as the infant transitions to independent pulmonary and systemic circulation.

A

Closure of Fetal Shunts

43
Q

The system continues to undergo (?) and (?) during infancy, childhood, and adolescence.

A

remodeling and maturation

44
Q

Regular physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, can lead to adaptive changes in the cardiovascular system.

A

Hypertrophy

45
Q

Exercise can also stimulate the development of collateral blood vessels, enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues.

A

Increased Vascularization

46
Q

Adaptive Changes in Response to Exercise

A

Increased Vascularization
Hypertrophy

47
Q

Maturation and Growth

A

Fetal Circulation
Growth of Blood Vessels

48
Q

(?) normally changes during the day and adjusts to your activity level. But (?) that’s too high or too low can be dangerous.

A

BLOOD PRESSURE

49
Q

A (?) happens when something blocks the blood flow to your heart so it can’t get the oxygen it needs.

A

heart attack

50
Q

(?) are chemical messengers that help your body perform a variety of tasks. The endocrine system is made up largely of the (?) that are produced and released by several glands, organs, and tissues

A

hormones

51
Q

Once produced in one area of the body, they go to other areas to influence the function of organs and cells.

A

hormones

52
Q

Hormones control many different bodily processes, including:

A
  • Metabolism
    • Homeostasis
    • Growth and development
    • Sexual function
    • Reproduction
    • Sleep-wake cycle
53
Q

It refers to the complex set of chemical processes that occur within living organisms to maintain life

A

METABOLISM

54
Q

It is the physiological process by which living organisms maintain internal stability and balance in the face of external changes.

A

HOMEOSTASIS

55
Q

It refers to the dynamic processes of physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout the lifespan of an organism.

A

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

56
Q

It refers to the physiological and psychological processes involved in human sexual response such as desire, arousal, orgasm, and resolution

A

SEXUAL FUNCTION

57
Q

It is the biological process by which new individuals of the same species are produced, ensuring the continuation of that species.

A

REPRODUCTION

58
Q

This is also known as the circadian rhythm, a natural, internal process that regulates the sleep and wakefulness patterns in living beings.

A

SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE

59
Q

Occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin or when insulin is not functioning properly.

A

DIABETES

60
Q

occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones.

A

Hyperthyroidism

61
Q

occurs when the thyroid gland isn’t producing enough thyroid hormones.

A

Hypothyroidism

62
Q

Occurs when the ovaries overproduce androgens.

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

63
Q

small structures attached to the top of each “Kidney.” The human body has two “?” that releases chemicals called “Hormones” in the bloodstream. These hormones effects many parts of the body

A

ADRENAL GLAND

64
Q

responsible for producing glucagon and insulin. located in the “Abdominal Cavity ” behind the stomach.

A

PANCREAS

65
Q

keeps your “Metabolism “ under control through the actions of “Thyroid Hormone” which makes it by extracting iodine from the blood and incorporating it into “Thyroid Hormones.”

A

THYROID GLAND

66
Q

Is the small and most important endocrine gland in the body. located near the pituitary gland.

A

PINEAL GLAND

67
Q

One of the most baffling gland in the body is “?” It lies just above the neck and behind the top of the “Breastbone.” The ? is bilobed mass of lymphoid tissue located in the “Anterior Mediastenum.

A

THYMUS GLAND

68
Q

known as “Master Gland” attached to the hypothalamus. A pea sized, reddish-gray body that stores hormone from the hypothalamus and releases into the blood stream.

A

PITUITARY GLAND

69
Q

small bean shaped structures behind the “Thyroid Gland.” The ? is actually a group of four small glands, collectively they are known as “Parathyroid Gland.”

A

PARATHYROID GLAND

70
Q

Skeletal muscles are made up of (?) and (?)

A

long and cylindrical cells

71
Q

They are also known as striated muscles because they have alternate dark and light bands.

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE

72
Q

Most cells in the human body hold a “?”

A

membrane potential.

73
Q

Selective (?) and (?) allow for increases in concentration of charged ions inside and/or outside the plasma membrane.

A

ion channels and transporters

74
Q

The lipid bilayer of the (?) insulates the inside of the cell from the outside and does not allow the free diffusion of ions.

A

plasma membrane

75
Q

Nerves send (?) that help you feel sensations and move your muscles.

A

electrical signals

76
Q

Nerves also control body functions like (?) and (?)

A

digesting food and maintaining your heart rate.

77
Q

-Amount of tension increases during the contraction process. But the length of the muscle does not change.
-Responsible for the length of the body’s postural muscle, such as the muscle of the back.

A

Isometric Contractions

78
Q

-Amount of muscle tension is constant but the length of the muscle decreases.
-Movements of the arms and fingers.

A

Isotonic Contractions

79
Q

-Isotonic contractions in which tension increases as muscle shorten.
-Many common movements are produced by (?) muscle contractions

A

Concentric Contractions

80
Q

-Are used when a person slowly lowers a heavy weight.
-Occurs in hamstring muscles when a person runs downhill.

A

Eccentric Contractions

TFN (31 decks)

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