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Pharmacology II > Tetracyclines > Flashcards

Tetracyclines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the tetracyclines? Which is a second generation? 3rd generation?

A 
Chlortetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Tetracycline
Doxycycline (2nd)
Tigecycline (3rd)
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2
Q

Are tetracyclines lipid or water soluble?

A

Lipid

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action for tetracyclines?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor & prevents access of transfer RNA

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4
Q

What is the spectrum of 1st generation tetracylcines?

A

All aerobes & anaerobes ++

Also leptospira, protozoa, mycoplasma, rickettsial

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5
Q

What is the spectrum of the 2nd generation (doxycycline)?

A

All aerobes & anaerobes +++++

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6
Q

Which tetracycline was used to control Anaplasma marginale?

A

Chlortetracycline

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7
Q

What is the difference between 1st and 2nd generations concerning spectrum?

A

2nd generations have increased potency and less acquired resistance

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8
Q

Why are 3rd generation Tigecyclines less susceptible to resistance?

A

Less susceptible to efflux pumps

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9
Q

Are Tigecyclines effective against Pseudomonas?

A

No

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10
Q

What gene allows aerobic bacteria to be resistant to tetracyclines?

A

tetX encodes for oxidation

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11
Q

What are the routes of administration for tetracycline?

A

Oral only

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12
Q

What are the routes of administration for chlortetracycline?

A

oral only

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13
Q

What are the routes of administration for oxytetracycline?

A

Injectable (SQ?)
Ophthalmic topical
Oral

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14
Q

What are the routes of administration for doxycycline?

A

oral, injection

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15
Q

What is the only route of administration for Tigecycline?

A

Injection

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16
Q

Are tetracyclines well absorbed from oral administration? IM? SQ?

A

20 - 40% PO in cattle

350mg/hd/day = 0.2 cc/kg/hd/day

17
Q

How is doxycycline eliminated?

A

Hepatic (bile & diffusion via intestinal tract)

18
Q

Why is doxycycline a good tetracycline choice for patients with renal impairment?

A

Renal component of doxycycline is minimal

19
Q

What is the % of protein binding of doxycycline in cats & dogs?

A

90% dogs

99% cats

20
Q

Why does plasma binding affect the tissue concentration of doxycycline?

A

Plasma binding decreases diffusion gradient based on free drug in plasma

21
Q

In what tissue is doxycycline most concentrated (@ 15% of plasma)?

A

Prostate

22
Q

What is the efficacy of tetracyclines most closely linked to?

A

Time of serum concentration above MIC

23
Q

Which tetracycline can you give once to foals for flexor tendon contraction? What adverse effect is a concern?

A

High dose, IV oxytetracycline

Renal damage

24
Q

Can tetracyclines decrease inflammation?

A

yes

25
Q

What is the major adverse effect of oxytetracycline? Which disease can exacerbate these effects?

A

Nephrotoxicity with 2x -3x label dose

Dehydration, renal disease

26
Q

What is an adverse juvenile/fetal effect of tetracyclines? Why?

A

Teeth staining because tetracyclines bind to Ca2+

27
Q

Why are tetracyclines an issue in exported food animals?

A

Binds to Ca2+ & stays in bone, will glow under Wood’s lamp for months

28
Q

What are the GI effects of tetracyclines? Which species specifically?

A

Oral tetracycline in cats

Hair loss, colic, fever, depression

29
Q

Which route of administration should you give tetracyclines to a horse? Which route should you never give tetracycline to a horse? Why? Which tetracycline specifically?

A

Always IV oxytetracycline
Never orally because GIT effects

Always oral doxycycline
IV doxycycline is fatal

30
Q

Which tetracycline should you only give oral and never IV? Why?

A

Doxycycline

They will die

31
Q

What is a concern with injectable tetracyclines in food animals?

A

Injection site lesions

32
Q

What other adverse effect is sometimes associated with tetracyclines?

A

Photosensitization

Pharmacology II (15 decks)

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