Nitroimidazoles

Question 1

Can you use any nitroimidazole in food animals in the US?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

What is the spectrum of nitroimidazoles?

Answer 2

Anaerobes only

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Question 3

What is the MOA or nitroimidazoles?

Answer 3

Reduction of nitro group in anaerobic bacteria produces unstable metabolites which breaks DNA and inhibits repair enzymes

Question 4

Why are aerobic bacteria resistant to Nitroimidazoles?

Answer 4

Aerobes possess reduction system

Question 5

Can nitroimidazoles ever be active against aerobes?

Answer 5

Facultative aerobes in anaerobic environment maybe

Question 6

There are 4 unique organisms that nitroimidazoles are active against, what are they?

Answer 6

Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia, Balantidium coli, Trichomonas

Question 7

Is metronidazole bioavailable in dogs? What is a drawback?

Answer 7

Yes but ver variable (50 - 100%)

Question 8

Why are nitroimidazoles banned for use in food animals?

Answer 8

Carcinogenic affect in lab animals

Question 9

Nausea is a common side effect in humans with nitroimidazoles, what about horses?

Answer 9

Inappetance

Question 10

What is a side effect that can be seen with high doses in dogs and cats?

Answer 10

Acute central nervous system toxicosis

Question 11

How are nitroimidazoles eliminated?

Answer 11

Hepatic