Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology II > Penicillin > Flashcards

Penicillin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Penicillin Gs?

A

Na Pen G, K Pen G, Procaine Pen G, Benzathine penicillin G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the penicillinase-resistant penicillins?

A

Oxacillin, Cloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the aminobenzylpenicillins?

A

Ampicillin, Potassium betacillin, Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the extended spectrum (antipseudomonal) penicillins?

A

Ticarcillin, Piperacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the potentiated penicillins?

A

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate, Ampicillin-sulbactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are penicillin hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophilic, poor lipid solubility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structure is responsible for the antibacterial activity of penicillin?

A

B-lactam ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can Na & K Pen G be injected IV? Why or why not?

A

Salts of Pen G are water soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can you inject Benzathine Pen G or Porcaine salt of Pen G IV? Why or why not?

A

No, not water soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What occurs after IV administation of Procaine salt?

A

Procaine toxicity from rapid dissociation of procaine from Pen G molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why can you administer Procaine pen G IM and SQ?

A

Slower dissociation of procaine fro PenG molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to penicillins work?

A

Inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are penicillins/B-lactams not effective against mycoplasma?

A

Only effective against bacteria that are rapidly growing & dividing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the spectrum of Penicillin G?

A

Anaerobes +++++
Gram (+) Aerboes +++++
Gram (-) Aerobes ++

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is staph susceptible to penicillin at first but not later?

A

Staph has inducible penicillinase enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which bacteria is penicillin best for treating?

A

Anaerobes!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the aminopenicillins?

A

Amoxicillin, ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the spectrum for aminopenicillins?

A

Anaerobes: ++
Gram (+) Aerobes: ++
Gram (-) Aerobes: +++++

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What bacteria do aminopenicillins work best against?

A

Gram - Aerobes!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are aminopenicillins as active against Gram - aerobes as aminoglycosides or fluoroquinolones?

A

No (+++++ rating is relative to other quadrants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Do aminopenicillins work against enterobacteriaceae? Is there a specific infection that aminopenicillins can reach enterobacteriaceae? Why?

A

No but can address pathogens in UTI due to huge concentrations in urine?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which drug is amoxicillin often paired with for 4-quadrant therapy? Which quadrants/bacteria does amoxicillin target in this therapy?

A

Combined with fluoroquinolone to pick up Streptococci and Anaerobic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is amoxicillin combined with fluoroquinolone instead of Pen G?

A

Amoxicillin has better bioavailability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the antipseudomonal penicillins (extended spectrum?)

A

Ticarcillin, piperacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the spectrum of antipseudomonal penicillins?
Gram + aerobe: ++ Gram - aerobe: +++++ Anaerobes: none
26
Are antipseudomonal penicillins or PenG/aminopenicillins better for Gram + aerobes?
PenG/aminopenicillins
27
Are antipseudomonal penicillins or PenG/aminopenicillins better for Gram - aerobes?
Antipseudomonal penicillins are the best for Gram - aerobes!
28
Which bacteria specifically are antipseudomonal penicillins used for?
Enterobacteriaceae | Pseudomonas
29
What are the penicillinase resistant penicillins?
Oxacillin, cloxacillin
30
Which bacteria are penicillinase resistant penicillins used for?
Staph!
31
What does "methicillin resistant" strains of Staph refer to in reference to susceptibility of B-lactams?
Methicillin resistant are resistant to all B-lactams
32
List the 3 ways bacteria are resistant to B-lactams
Degradation by enzymes Reduced penetration Penicillin bind site alteration
33
Can resistant be plasmid induced?
Yes, mecA gene in Staph aureus
34
What is the route of administration for Na/K PenG?
IV, IM, SC
35
Can you give Procaine Pen G IV?
NO!
36
What are the routes of administration for Procaine Pen G?
IM, SC
37
What are the routes of administration for Benzathine penicillin G?
IM, SQ
38
What is important about the concentration curve of Benzathine Penicillins given SQ? IM?
Long curve tail with SQ | Extended residue potential in food animals for both IM & SQ
39
What is the only oral penicillin? Why can it be give orally?
Penicillin V | Only acid stable version of Penicillin G
40
Can you give Cloxacillin to a dry dairy cow? Lactating?
Yes (Benzathine) | Yes (Sodium)
41
What is the route of administration for Cloxacillin in a dairy cow?
Intramammary
42
What is the route of aministration for Ampicillin?
IV as sodium salt IM/SQ as trihydrate salt Oral as trihydrate or anhydrous
43
What is the route of administration for Amoxicillin?
IV as sodium salt IM/SQ Oral Intramammary
44
What is the route of administration for amoxicillin/clavulnate?
Ora
45
What is the route of administration for Ticarcillin? Does it have veterinary guidelines?
IV or IM | No, human labeled
46
Why are the Penicillins ionized in plasma?
pKa of 2.7
47
Where is the distribution of penicillins mostly confined to?
Extracellular fluid space
48
Do Penicillins penetrate meninges?
If they are inflamed enhances pentration
49
How are penicillins excreted?
Primarily kidney via filtration & active secretion (active drug secreted)
50
Is amoxicillin or ampicillin more bioavailable after oral administration?
Amoxicillin (60% vs 30%)
51
Are B-lactams bacteriastatic or bactericidal?
Bacteriacidal
52
What is the efficacy of B-lactams linked to?
The time which serum remains above MIC for pathogen
53
What is theclass representative for the aminopenicillins?
Ampicillin | Considered equipotent to amoxicillin in-vitro
54
Is the therapeutic window for penicillins large or small? Is there cross-sensitivity?
Very large (very safe), cross-sensitivity is expected
55
What is the issues with the use of Procaine PenG in race horses?
Violative residue in racehorses
56
What administration route leads to the K pen squirts?
IV of Potassium PenG
57
What is the issues with administration of Procaine PenG to sows?
Abortion
58
Can PenG be given to guinea pigs?
No, it is fatal
59
What is the issue in giving ampicillin to small rodents & rabbits?
Clostridial colitis
60
What is the issue with antibiotics that are bactericidal to gram - bacteria?
Endotoxemia
61
What is the issue of rapid administration of K PenG?
Cardiac arrest due to release of potassium
62
Is Na PenG or K penG safer for IV use?
Na PenG
63
Can you give procaine PenG IV? What about IM? What animal specificaly are you worried about with IM injections?
NO! | Yes but extremely high doses can lead to excitement and death (horses)
64
What disorder in an animal may be reason to not use Ticarcillin?
Bleeding disorder or those on anti-coagulants (heparin)
65
PenG has been linked with what disease in horses?
Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia
66
What are the B-Lactamase inhibitors?
Clavulanic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
67
Do clavulanic acid or sulbactam have antimicrobial activity?
No
68
How do B-lactamase inhibitors work?
Bind with all chromosomally mediated penicillinases & mot plasmid mediated penicillinases
69
When combined, which spectrum does amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resemble?
2nd generation cephalosporin
70
What bacteria specifically are more affected by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid as compared to jut amoxicillin?
Enterobacteriaceae & anaerobic spectrum | Staph
71
What are some adverse reactions linked to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid?
GI upset
72
What issue are we concerned with in using amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in cats?
Inappetance can lead t hepatic lipidosis
73
Can clavulanic acid or sulbactams be used in non-ruminant herbivores?
No

Pharmacology II (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions