Lincosamides Flashcards
What are the lincosamides?
Lincomycin, Clindamycin, Pirlimycin
Are lincosamides acidic or basic?
Basic (pKa = 7.6)
Are lincosamides water or lipid soluble?
Lipid
Which antimicrobial are lincosamides similar to in regards to pharmacokinetics and spectrum?
Macrolides
What is the MOA of lincosamides?
Inhibit protein synthesis
Are lincosamides bacteristatic or bactericidal?
Bacteristatic
Why have clindamycin been used and considered effective against dermal Staph infections?
Toxin production-inhibiting effect
What is the spectrum of lincosamides?
Anaerobes: +++++
Gram+ Aerobes: +++++
Gram - Aerobes: ++
Are lincosamides effective against Mycoplasma?
Yes, similar to erythromycin
Why are most gram - bacteria resistant to lincosamides?
Impermeable cell membrane & incompatible binding sites
Is there cross resistance between lincosamides? What about any other abx?
Yes, and also with macrolides
Give an example of inducible resistance in lincosamides
Bacteria with existing resistance to erythromycin rapidly develop lincosamide resistance
Why would food decrease the rate of absorption and bioavailability of lincomycin?
55 - 75% protein bound
Does food affect the bioavailability of Clindamycin (specifically)?
No, slows rate of absorption but does not affect bioavailability
What is the efficacy of lincosamides based on?
Time above MIC
Are cats on the label for capsules of lincosamides?
No, liquid only
What is a concern with Clindamycin capsules in cats? What other abx is this seen with?
Esophageal damage from partially swallowed pill and no water. Also seen with doxycycline
Are all Lincosamide breakpoints CLSI approved?
Yes
What species are on the Lincosamides table? Which breakpoint do you use with pigs?
CLindamycin in dogs for soft tissue
Pirlimycin for cattle mastitis
Use dog/soft tissue in pigs
Can lincosamides be given to horses, rabbits, hamsters or guinea pigs? Why?
No, may be fatal in nonruminant herbivores but depleting anaerobe population
What is a possible side effect of dosing a lactating animal with lincosamides?
Diarrhea in offspring
Can you treat toxo in cats with Clindamycin? Which side effects should be watched for?
Yes, caution in cats with pulmonic toxoplasmosis (high mortality)
How is lincomysin eliminated?
Hepatic (primarily hepatic with secretion via urine)
