Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology II > Fluoroquinolones > Flashcards

Fluoroquinolones Flashcards

1
Q

What are the second generation fluoroquinolones?

A

Enrofloxacin, difloxacin, orbifloxacin, marbofloxacin, danofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is ciprofloxacin for human or veterinary use? Pradofloxacin?

A

Human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are most Baytril (Enrofloxacin) breakpoints & clinical studies in small animals for?

A

UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Can you use fluoroquinolones extra-label in food animals?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can you use enrofloxacin in dairy cattle?

A

If they are less than 20 months yes, but not over 20 months or veal calves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the indication for enrofloxacin use in food animals?

A

BRD, swine respiratory disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can you use Danofloxacin in cattle? What disease?

A

Beef only for BRD, no dairy or veal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are fluoroquinolones natural or synthetic?

A

Fully synthetic (antimicrobial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are fluoroquinolones lipid soluble or water soluble? Small or large Vd?

A

Very lipid soluble, very high Vd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are fluoroquinolones bactericidal or bacteristatic?

A

Bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do fluoroquinolones work?

A

Topoisomerase inhibition (topoisomerase enzyme)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the spectrum of fluoroquinolones? (What are they referred to as?)

A

Oral aminoglycosides
Gram+ aerobes: ++
Gram - aerobes: +++++

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are mammalian topoisomerases affected by fluoroquinolones?

A

No

Breaks bacterial DNA strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which fluoroquinolone includes anaerobes?

A

Pradofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Will enrofloxacin be active against mycoplasma, erlichia & rickettsia?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms of resistance for fluoroquinolones

A

Alteration of target enzymes (DNA gyrase & topoisomerase IV) and decreased drug permeation in to bacterial cells by efflux pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does resistance start in fluoroquinolones?

A

mutations in DNA gyrase leading to 2 - 4x MIC values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which bacteria has 3rd generation cephalosporin & plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance?

A

Salmonella Heidelberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which bacteria had the first reported plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance?

A

K. pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which bacteria have single step mutations that confer resistance to new fluoroquinolones?

A

Staph aureus & pseudomonas

21
Q

What is a mutant selection window?

A

Low level resistance due to using fluoroquinolones at MIC to 10x MIC in-vitro

22
Q

What is the mutant prevention concentration?

A

The concentration above which 2 concurrent mutations for resistance must occur for an organism to grow

23
Q

What is the bioavailability or oral fluoroquinolones? IM? SQ?

A

All above 80%

24
Q

When are peak plasma conceontrations of fluoroquinolones reached in the dog?

A

30 min - 1 hour

25
Q

What are 2 tissues that have diffusional barrier to antimicrobials? DO these tissues reach therapeutic concentrations?

A

Brain, prostate

Yes

26
Q

What is the primary elimination route of fluoroquinolones?

A

Kidney

27
Q

The liver biotransforms enrofloxacin to what in animals?

A

Ciprofloxacin

28
Q

Which fluoroquinolone is excreted 80% in feces (biliary)?

A

Difloxacin

29
Q

Is oral ciprofloxacin as bioavailable as oral enrofloxacin?

A

No. Only 50%

30
Q

What is the efficacy of fluoroquinolones associated with?

A

Peak concentration & ratio of AUC to MIC (AUIC)

31
Q

What is the peak concentration to pathogen MIC ratio target?

A

8 - 10x MIC

32
Q

What is the purpose of this target?

A

Preventing proliferation of first step resistant mutants

33
Q

What is the minimum target for AUC to pathogen MIC? What is this equation?

A

125

24hr AUC / pathogen MIC = 125+

34
Q

If the ratio is 125+, can there be 100% efficacy with a 24Q dose?

A

Yes

35
Q

Which species are susceptible to articular cartilage damage from enrofloxacin?

A

Puppies in rapid growth @ high doses

Foals

36
Q

What are the 2 biggest concerns for using enrofloxacin in cats?

A

Retinal degeneration

Phototoxicity

37
Q

Which 2 drugs can prolong enrofloxacin levels?

A

Furosemide, Cemetedine

38
Q

What is the max amount of enrofloxacin you should give a cat per day to reduce risk of blindness?

A

5mg/kg

39
Q

What is the issue with administering enrofloxacin to a dog with a history of epilepsy?

A

Decrease seizure threshold

40
Q

Why should pradofloxacin not be used in dogs?

A

Bone marrow suppression. Thrombocytopenia & neutropenia

41
Q

What drugs can enrofloxacin have interactions with?

A

Drugs that are substrate for CP450 (phenobarbital)

42
Q

Ciprofloxacin raise the serum level of what in humans?

A

Theophylline

43
Q

Can you use enrofloxacin as an intra-uterine infusion for a mare with pyometra?

A

No

44
Q

What are the 2 fluoroquinolones you can use in cattle for BRD?

A

Enrofloxacin, Danofloxacin

45
Q

What is the 1 fluoroquinolone you can use in swine for respiratory disease?

A

Enrofloxacin

46
Q

What 3 fluoroquinolones can you use in cats for skin infections?

A

Enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, orbifloxacin

47
Q

What are the 4 fluoroquinolones you can use in dogs for skin infections?

A

Difloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, orbifloxacin

48
Q

What is the 1 fluororquinolone you can use in dogs for respiratory disease?

A

Enrofloxacin

49
Q

What are the 4 fluoroquinolones you can use in dogs for a UTI?

A

Enrofoxacin, difloxacin, marbofloxacin, orbifloxacin

Pharmacology II (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions