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Pharmacology II > General Review > Flashcards

General Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which drugs are banned for use in food animals?

A 
Chloramphenicol
Dimetridazole
Clenbuterol
Ipronidazole
Diethylstilbestrol
Nitroimidazole
Glycopeptides
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2
Q

Which Fluoroquinolones may be used in food animals and for what?

A

Danofloxacin & Enrofloxacin for BRD in beef
Enrofloxacin for BRD in dairy < 20 mo
Enrofloxain for swine respiratory disease & colibacillosis

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3
Q

Can cephalosporins be used extralabelly in food animals?

A

Yes if it has a label regimen in major food animal species

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4
Q

Which cephalosporin can be used in any extralabel manner?

A

Cephapirin

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5
Q

Which is the only sulfonamide approved for dairy cattle over 20 months?

A

Sulfadimethoxine

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6
Q

Which abx are eliminated primarily renally?

A

B-lactams (Pen G, cephalosporin), aminoglycosides (Neomycin, Kanamycin), Streptogramins, Tetracycline (OTC, TC), Fluoroquinolones (Enrofloxacin)

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7
Q

Which abx are eliminated primarily hepatic?

A

Doxycycline (also gut), Macrolides (erythromycin), Chloramphenicol, Diaminopyrimidine

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8
Q

Which abx are eliminated mixed renal & hepatic?

A

Lincosamides (Clindamycin), Sulfas, Metronidazole

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9
Q

Drugs of choice for mycoplasma

A

Tetracyclines
Tulathromycin (macrolide)
Fluoroquinolones
Spectinomycin

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10
Q

Drugs of choice for campylobacter

A

Erythromycin, azithromycin

Fluoroquinolones

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11
Q

Drugs of choice for Enterobacteriaceae

A

Aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, Extended penicillins (ticarcillin), 3rd & 4th generation cephalosporins, Carbapenems (meropenem), potentiated sulfas

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12
Q

Drugs of choice for lepto

A

Amoxicillin, doxycycline/tetracycline, Maybe macrolide (erythromycin)

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13
Q

Drugs of choice for anaerobes

A

Pen G, cefotaxime (3rd), cefoxitin (2nd), macrolides, clindamycin, chloramphenicol/florfenicol, metronidazole, pradofloxacin

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14
Q

Drugs of choice for pseudomonas

A

Amikacin, Piperacillin, fluoroquinolones, ceftazidime (3rd), Cefipime (4th), carbapenems (meropenem)

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15
Q

Drugs of choice for staph

A

Amox/clav, oxacillin, 1st cephalosporin (cefapirin), Cefepime (4th), Clindamycin, potentiated sulfas, fluoroquinolones, Gram + thumpers (vancomycin/bacitracin/mupiricin)

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16
Q

Drugs of choice for rickettsia

A

Tetracyclines

Maybe fluoroquinolone

17
Q

Drugs of choice for Rhodococcus equi

A

Erythromycin/Rifampin

Clarithromycin/rifampin

18
Q

Name the Oral abx

A 
Cefadroxil, cephalexin (1st)
Cefpodoxime (3rd)
Amoxicillin
Tetracyclines
Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
All fluoroquinolones
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol/Florfenicol
Metronidazole
Sulfadimethoxine
19
Q

Lipid soluble abx that can target specific tissues

A 
Ceftazidime/ceftriaxone for CNS
Chloramphenicol/florfenicol
Cephalexin for eye
Fluoroquinolones
Azithromycin/clarithromycin
Trimethoprim/sulfa
20
Q

Why is doxycycline very lipid soluble but not used for systemic treatment?

A

High protein binding

21
Q

Which abx are bactericidal?

A

B-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones

22
Q

What is efficacy of B-lactams linked to?

A

Time above MIC

23
Q

What is efficacy of aminoglycosides linked to?

A

Concentration peak

24
Q

What is the efficacy of fluoroquinolones linked to?

A

AUC dependent

25
Q

Which abx are toxic or lethal to cats and how?

A

Chloramphenicol and grey baby syndrome (circulatory collapse) in kittens
Sulfasalazine due to salicylic acid
Oral tetracyclines due to colic, hair loss
Doxycyclne/Clindamycin: esophageal stricture
Clindamycin: pulmonic toxoplasmosis
Enrofloxacin: retinal degeneration, phototoxicity
Imipenem: CNS toxicity
Aminoglycosides: vestibular ototoxicity
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: inappetance
Metronidazole: seizures

26
Q

Which abx are toxic/lethal to dogs and how?

A

Metronidazole induced seizures
Sulfa: polyarthropathy
Sulfa: KCS
Sulfa: hepatotoxicity
Fluoroquinolones: damage to articular cartilage, lower seizure threshold
Chloramphenicol: coma from reduce phenobarbital metabolism
Imipenem: CNS toxicity
Aminoglycoside: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Cephalexin: lower seizure threshold
Erythromycin: vomiting

27
Q

Which abx have toxic or lethal effects to a horse and how?

A

IV doxycycline: Fatal
Enrofloxacin: articular cartilage damage
GI upset: florfenicol, oral tetracyclines, erythromycin, lincosamides, ceftiofur, K Pen G
Monensin: cardiac toxicity

28
Q

Which abx are lethal to non-ruminant herbivores?

A

Penicillin, Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Macrolides, Lincosamides

29
Q

Which abx are most irritating when given IM?

A

Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Sulfas, Enrofloxacin to uterus/joints

30
Q

Which abx have human toxicity potential?

A

Chloramphenicol

Tilmicosin

31
Q

What is the final determination of breakpoints & interpretive criteria based on?

A

PK/PD parameters, scattergram data, clinical effectiveness in study

Pharmacology II (15 decks)

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