General Review Flashcards
Which drugs are banned for use in food animals?
Chloramphenicol Dimetridazole Clenbuterol Ipronidazole Diethylstilbestrol Nitroimidazole Glycopeptides
Which Fluoroquinolones may be used in food animals and for what?
Danofloxacin & Enrofloxacin for BRD in beef
Enrofloxacin for BRD in dairy < 20 mo
Enrofloxain for swine respiratory disease & colibacillosis
Can cephalosporins be used extralabelly in food animals?
Yes if it has a label regimen in major food animal species
Which cephalosporin can be used in any extralabel manner?
Cephapirin
Which is the only sulfonamide approved for dairy cattle over 20 months?
Sulfadimethoxine
Which abx are eliminated primarily renally?
B-lactams (Pen G, cephalosporin), aminoglycosides (Neomycin, Kanamycin), Streptogramins, Tetracycline (OTC, TC), Fluoroquinolones (Enrofloxacin)
Which abx are eliminated primarily hepatic?
Doxycycline (also gut), Macrolides (erythromycin), Chloramphenicol, Diaminopyrimidine
Which abx are eliminated mixed renal & hepatic?
Lincosamides (Clindamycin), Sulfas, Metronidazole
Drugs of choice for mycoplasma
Tetracyclines
Tulathromycin (macrolide)
Fluoroquinolones
Spectinomycin
Drugs of choice for campylobacter
Erythromycin, azithromycin
Fluoroquinolones
Drugs of choice for Enterobacteriaceae
Aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, Extended penicillins (ticarcillin), 3rd & 4th generation cephalosporins, Carbapenems (meropenem), potentiated sulfas
Drugs of choice for lepto
Amoxicillin, doxycycline/tetracycline, Maybe macrolide (erythromycin)
Drugs of choice for anaerobes
Pen G, cefotaxime (3rd), cefoxitin (2nd), macrolides, clindamycin, chloramphenicol/florfenicol, metronidazole, pradofloxacin
Drugs of choice for pseudomonas
Amikacin, Piperacillin, fluoroquinolones, ceftazidime (3rd), Cefipime (4th), carbapenems (meropenem)
Drugs of choice for staph
Amox/clav, oxacillin, 1st cephalosporin (cefapirin), Cefepime (4th), Clindamycin, potentiated sulfas, fluoroquinolones, Gram + thumpers (vancomycin/bacitracin/mupiricin)
Drugs of choice for rickettsia
Tetracyclines
Maybe fluoroquinolone
Drugs of choice for Rhodococcus equi
Erythromycin/Rifampin
Clarithromycin/rifampin
Name the Oral abx
Cefadroxil, cephalexin (1st) Cefpodoxime (3rd) Amoxicillin Tetracyclines Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin All fluoroquinolones Clindamycin Chloramphenicol/Florfenicol Metronidazole Sulfadimethoxine
Lipid soluble abx that can target specific tissues
Ceftazidime/ceftriaxone for CNS Chloramphenicol/florfenicol Cephalexin for eye Fluoroquinolones Azithromycin/clarithromycin Trimethoprim/sulfa
Why is doxycycline very lipid soluble but not used for systemic treatment?
High protein binding
Which abx are bactericidal?
B-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones
What is efficacy of B-lactams linked to?
Time above MIC
What is efficacy of aminoglycosides linked to?
Concentration peak
What is the efficacy of fluoroquinolones linked to?
AUC dependent
Which abx are toxic or lethal to cats and how?
Chloramphenicol and grey baby syndrome (circulatory collapse) in kittens
Sulfasalazine due to salicylic acid
Oral tetracyclines due to colic, hair loss
Doxycyclne/Clindamycin: esophageal stricture
Clindamycin: pulmonic toxoplasmosis
Enrofloxacin: retinal degeneration, phototoxicity
Imipenem: CNS toxicity
Aminoglycosides: vestibular ototoxicity
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: inappetance
Metronidazole: seizures
Which abx are toxic/lethal to dogs and how?
Metronidazole induced seizures
Sulfa: polyarthropathy
Sulfa: KCS
Sulfa: hepatotoxicity
Fluoroquinolones: damage to articular cartilage, lower seizure threshold
Chloramphenicol: coma from reduce phenobarbital metabolism
Imipenem: CNS toxicity
Aminoglycoside: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Cephalexin: lower seizure threshold
Erythromycin: vomiting
Which abx have toxic or lethal effects to a horse and how?
IV doxycycline: Fatal
Enrofloxacin: articular cartilage damage
GI upset: florfenicol, oral tetracyclines, erythromycin, lincosamides, ceftiofur, K Pen G
Monensin: cardiac toxicity
Which abx are lethal to non-ruminant herbivores?
Penicillin, Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Macrolides, Lincosamides
Which abx are most irritating when given IM?
Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Sulfas, Enrofloxacin to uterus/joints
Which abx have human toxicity potential?
Chloramphenicol
Tilmicosin
What is the final determination of breakpoints & interpretive criteria based on?
PK/PD parameters, scattergram data, clinical effectiveness in study
