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Pharmacology > Tetracyclines > Flashcards

Tetracyclines Flashcards

1
Q

Are Tetracyclines Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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2
Q

What is the suffix that tetracyclines can be recognized by?

A

-cycline

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3
Q

What are the 2 general classes of tetracyclines?

A

Older, Hydrophilic

Newer, Lipophilic

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4
Q

What are the drugs in the older, hydrophilic class of tetracyclines?

A

Tetracycline

Oxytetracycline

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5
Q

What are examples of the newer, lipophilic class of tetracyclines?

A

Doxycycline

Minocycline

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6
Q

Why are the newer lipophilic tetracyclines used more frequently?

A

Longer half-life
Broader spectra of antibacterial action
Better penetration of tissues

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7
Q

What bacterium are the newer lipophilic tetracyclines the drug of choice for treating?

A

Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Rickettsia
Spirochete

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8
Q

What unique properties do tetracyclines have?

A

Ability to accumulate within mammalian cells

Reach organisms that hide within mammalian cells

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9
Q

What bacteria do tetracyclines treat that live symbiotically with heartworm and likely contributes to lung disease and renal disease seen with heartworm infection?

A

Wolbachia

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Tetracyclines?

A

They bind to ribosomes and disrupt protein synthesis

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11
Q

Unlike aminoglycosides, tetracyclines do not cause bacterial destruction. What do they do instead?

A

Depend on the functional immune system to help them overcome a microbial infection

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12
Q

Are mammalian cells affected by tetracyclines?

A

No not at normal doses. They might be affected at higher doses

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13
Q

Which tetracyclines are more readily absorbed from the GI tract?

A

Doxycycline & Minocycline

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14
Q

Why are Doxycycline & Minocycline more readily absorbed from the GI tract?

A

More lipophilic

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15
Q

The hydrophilic nature of oxytetracycline & tetracycline makes them more readily able to what?

A

Chelate

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16
Q

What is chelate?

A

Bind to and precipitate out of a solution

17
Q

Oxytetracycline & tetracycline are chelated in the presence of what?

A

Diet containing high amounts of dairy
Iron supplements
Oral antacids
Antidiarrheal products containing kaolin, pectin or bismuth subsalicylate

18
Q

Why is Oxytetracyclone more commonly used as an injectable?

A

Because of its good absorption from IM sites

19
Q

Which drug produces more reliable concentrations when administered PO?

A

Tetracycline

20
Q

Why do tetracyclines and oxytetracyclines not achieve significant concentrations in the CNS or penetrate mammalian cells to reach intracellular pathologic organisms?

A

Because they are hydrophilic

21
Q

Which drug is the preferred drug for treatment of CNS signs associated with Lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline

22
Q

How are Oxytetracycline and tetracycline excreted?

A

Renal filtration and the liver (to a lesser extent)

23
Q

Doxycycline and Minocycline are largely excreted by what?

A

The liver

24
Q

What tetracycline may be reabsorbed because it chelates less with intestinal contents and can enter the systemic circulation and effect infections until it is again removed by the liver?

A

Doxycycline

25
Q

What do the major problems of tetracyclines relate to?

A

Their binding with calcium and other divalent cations

26
Q

What happens if tetracycline & oxytetracycline are given in developing animals between 4 and 16 weeks of age?

A

The teeth will develop a yellow, mottled discoloration

27
Q

Besides yellowing the teeth, why else should tetracyclines and oxytetracyclines not be given to young, developing animals?

A

It may slow bone development

28
Q

What drugs may tetracyclines interfere with the efficacy of?

A

Beta-lactum drugs penicillin and cephalosporins

29
Q

What kind of bacteria are tetracyclines not effective against?

A

Anaerobic bacteria

Will not eliminate Pseudomonas infections

30
Q

Tetracyclines can reduce the population of some beneficial GI tract flora and allow overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria producing what?

A

Superinfections

31
Q

What adverse reactions do tetracyclines produce in dogs?

A

Diarrhea
Vomiting
Anorexia

32
Q

What adverse reactions to tetracyclines are seen in cats?

A

Fever
Depression
Abdominal pain

33
Q

What do IV injections of doxycycline in horses cause?

A

Cardiac arrhythmias
Collapse
Death

34
Q

Does oral administration of doxycyline cause the same side effects as IV doxycycline?

A

No

35
Q

Doxycycline powder may adhere to the esophagus causing what side effects?

A

Injuring the tissues, that form scar tissue with the potential to create an esophageal stricture

36
Q

What form of Doxycycline is thought to be more of a risk for esophagitis and erosion due to its highly acidic nature?

A

Doxycycline hyclate

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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