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Pharmacology > Antiseptics and Disinfectants > Flashcards

Antiseptics and Disinfectants Flashcards

1
Q

Disinfection

A

The destruction of pathogenic microorganisms

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2
Q

What are infections acquired during a period of hospitalization?

A

Nosocomial infections

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3
Q

Why are Pseudomonas infections difficult to get rid of?

A

Highly resistant to disinfection & antiseptics due to their ability to produce and immerse in a biofilm

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4
Q

Antiseptics

A

Chemical agents that kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms on living tissues

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5
Q

Disinfectants

A

Chemical agents that kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms on inanimate objects

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6
Q

Antiseptics or Disinfectants are used on living tissues?

A

Antiseptics

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7
Q

Antiseptics or Disinfectants are used on inanimate objects

A

Disinfectants

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8
Q

What bacteria are usually very susceptible to disinfectants or antiseptics & therefore could be killed by low-level disinfectants?

A

Vegetative bacteria

Enveloped viruses

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9
Q

What bacteria are usually very susceptible to disinfectants or antiseptics & therefore could be killed by low-level disinfectants?

A

Vegetative bacteria

Enveloped viruses

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10
Q

What are vegetative bacteria?

A

Actively growing bacteria, not in a spore state

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11
Q

What are enveloped viruses?

A

Viruses surrounded by a thin, phospholipid/protein envelope used to enter a host cell

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12
Q

What are examples of enveloped viruses?

A 
Canine distemper virus (paramyxovirus)
Feline herpesvirus 
Rabies
Influenza virus
Poxvirus
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13
Q

What are all difficult to kill and would require high-level disinfectants

A

Nonenveloped viruses
Bacteria or fungi in their spore form
Protozoal oocysts

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14
Q

What are non-enveloped viruses

A

Naked virus core without a lipid envelope

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15
Q

What are examples of non-enveloped viruses?

A

Canine Parvovirus
Feline panleukopenia virus
Feline calicivirus
Papillomavirus

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16
Q

What does the difference between sanitizers and sterilizers refer to?

A

The degree of microbial destruction achieved

17
Q

What are chemical agents and Reduce the # of microorganisms to a “safe” level without eliminating all microorganisms

A

Sanitizers

18
Q

What do most disinfectants and antiseptics tend to be?

A

Sanitizers

19
Q

What reduces the number of microorganisms to a “safe” level without eliminating all microorganisms and is only attained on inanimate objects?

A

Sterilizers

20
Q

What are many household cleaning products advertised as and is any chemical agent that kills microorganisms?

A

Germicides

21
Q

What kills bacteria?

A

Bactericidal

22
Q

What chemicals kill viruses?

A

Virucidal

23
Q

What chemicals kill fungi?

A

Fungicidal

24
Q

What chemicals kill protozoa?

A

Protozoacidal

25
Q

What chemicals kill microbial spores?

A

Sporicidal

26
Q

Disinfectants need to be what rather than what?

A

Microbicidal rather than microbiostatic

27
Q

What is capable of killing the pathogen when it is in its resistant or dormant state?

A

Sporicidals

28
Q

What are many disinfectants and antiseptics inactivated by?

A

Organic material

29
Q

What must be used before the application of the disinfectant?

A

Cleansers

30
Q

What are cleansers?

A

Detergents or surfactants

31
Q

What are cleansers, soaps, and detergents classified as?

A

Anionic
Cationic
Nonionic

32
Q

What are anionic cleansers, work well to liquify or solubilize dirt, fat, and microorganism membranes so they can be washed away?

A

Common soaps

33
Q

Why must a cleansed site be rinsed thoroughly?

A

Otherwise, the organic material will remain at the site and potentially interfere with the disinfectant that is applied after cleaning

34
Q

Why are cationic soaps and detergents less recommended for use?

A

Because they combine readily with proteins, fats, and phosphates and will be easily inactivated by the presence of serum, blood, and tissue debris

35
Q

What is an example of a cationic cleanser and is used more like a disinfectant than a cleanser and must be applied to a surface that has been thoroughly cleaned?

A

Quaternary ammonium

36
Q

After a thorough cleansing and rinsing, environmental surfaces should be allowed to what?

A

Dry thoroughly

37
Q

When should the disinfectant be applied?

A

After cleaning and rinsing

38
Q

The ideal disinfecting agent should be what?

A

Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity
Nonirritating and nontoxic to animal and human tissue
Easily applied to inanimate objects and without causing corrosion or stains
Stable and not easily inactivated
Inexpensive

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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