Fluroquinolones or Quinolones

Question 1

Are Fluoroquinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 1

Bactericidal

Question 2

What have Fluroquinolones replaced for treating serious aerobic gram-negative bacterial infections?

Answer 2

Aminoglycosides

Question 3

What was the first quinolone introduced to veterinary medicine?

Answer 3

Enrofloxacin

Question 4

What are other examples of Quinolones?

Answer 4

Marbofloxain
Orbifloxacin
Difloxacin
Difloxacin
Pradoflocacin
Danofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin 
Ofloxacin

Question 5

What three fluoroquinolones are used in dogs?

Answer 5

Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin
Difloxacin

Question 6

What fluoroquinolone is used in cats in the US and both cats and dogs in Europe?

Answer 6

Pradofloxacin

Question 7

What fluoroquinolone can be used in food animals but is limited to beef cattle for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease?

Answer 7

Danofloxacin

Question 8

What is an ophthalmologic antibiotic?

Answer 8

Ofloxacin

Question 9

What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones?

Answer 9

Interfere with DNA gyrase, which prevents bacterial DNA supercoilling and subsequently disrupting DNA function, rapidly kills the bacterium

Question 10

What are fluoroquinolones effective in treating?

Answer 10

Skin, respiratory and urinary infections caused by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria

Question 11

What gram-negative bacteria are quinolones effective in treating?

Answer 11

Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
Escherichia coli
Salmonella

Question 12

What gram-positive bacteria are quinolones effective in treating?

Answer 12

Staphylococcus

Question 13

What gram-positive bacteria are quinolones not consistently effective in treating?

Answer 13

Streptococcus spp

Question 14

What bacterium has developed a pump that removes quinolones once they enter the bacterium, preventing the drug from killing the bacterium?

Answer 14

MRSA Staphylococcus

Question 15

Are quinolones time-dependent or concentration-dependent?

Answer 15

Concentration-dependent

Question 16

How much quinolone is absorbed from the intestinal tract of dogs and cats?

Answer 16

100%

Question 17

Sometimes food effects the absorption of antibiotics so it is recommended to give them on an empty stomach. Is this true for Quinolones?

Answer 17

No. Oral administration is not significantly affected by food

Question 18

Are quinolones hydrophilic or lipophilic?

Answer 18

Lipophilic

Question 19

Concentrations of quinolones can exceed plasma concentrations in what?

Answer 19

Urine. Making them the drug of choice for UTIs

Question 20

Quinolones can produce 4 to 10 times higher concentrations in what that allows them to be effective against pyodermas and bacterial respiratory disease?

Answer 20

Macrophages and neutrophils

Question 21

10 to 40% of Enrofloxacin is metabolized into what for part of enrofloxacin’s antibacterial activity

Answer 21

Ciprofloxacin

Question 22

Why are quinolones relatively contraindicated in large breed dogs for up to 12 months and giant breed dogs up to 18 months?

Answer 22

Because they can adversely affect developing joint cartilage, causing bubblelike lesions to form in the joint cartilage

Question 23

What does relatively contraindicated mean?

Answer 23

If the benefit outweighs the risk, give the medication

Question 24

What does Absolute contraindication mean?

Answer 24

The drug should not be given under certain conditions, period.

Question 25

What can significantly reduce absorption of quinolones?

Answer 25

Antacids

Sucralfate

Question 26

What are other precautions for quinolones?

Answer 26

Can cause seizures rare or infrequently and blindness in cats

Question 27

What is an increasing concern in human medicine?

Answer 27

The bacterial resistance seen in animals could transfer to resistant bacteria in people and pose a significant threat to human food

Question 28

What is the reason there is a ban on extra-label use of quinolones in any food-producing animal?

Answer 28

The increased bacterial resistance