Fluroquinolones or Quinolones Flashcards
Are Fluoroquinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal
What have Fluroquinolones replaced for treating serious aerobic gram-negative bacterial infections?
Aminoglycosides
What was the first quinolone introduced to veterinary medicine?
Enrofloxacin
What are other examples of Quinolones?
Marbofloxain Orbifloxacin Difloxacin Difloxacin Pradoflocacin Danofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Ofloxacin
What three fluoroquinolones are used in dogs?
Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin
Difloxacin
What fluoroquinolone is used in cats in the US and both cats and dogs in Europe?
Pradofloxacin
What fluoroquinolone can be used in food animals but is limited to beef cattle for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease?
Danofloxacin
What is an ophthalmologic antibiotic?
Ofloxacin
What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones?
Interfere with DNA gyrase, which prevents bacterial DNA supercoilling and subsequently disrupting DNA function, rapidly kills the bacterium
What are fluoroquinolones effective in treating?
Skin, respiratory and urinary infections caused by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria
What gram-negative bacteria are quinolones effective in treating?
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
Escherichia coli
Salmonella
What gram-positive bacteria are quinolones effective in treating?
Staphylococcus
What gram-positive bacteria are quinolones not consistently effective in treating?
Streptococcus spp
What bacterium has developed a pump that removes quinolones once they enter the bacterium, preventing the drug from killing the bacterium?
MRSA Staphylococcus
Are quinolones time-dependent or concentration-dependent?
Concentration-dependent
How much quinolone is absorbed from the intestinal tract of dogs and cats?
100%
Sometimes food effects the absorption of antibiotics so it is recommended to give them on an empty stomach. Is this true for Quinolones?
No. Oral administration is not significantly affected by food
Are quinolones hydrophilic or lipophilic?
Lipophilic
Concentrations of quinolones can exceed plasma concentrations in what?
Urine. Making them the drug of choice for UTIs
Quinolones can produce 4 to 10 times higher concentrations in what that allows them to be effective against pyodermas and bacterial respiratory disease?
Macrophages and neutrophils
10 to 40% of Enrofloxacin is metabolized into what for part of enrofloxacin’s antibacterial activity
Ciprofloxacin
Why are quinolones relatively contraindicated in large breed dogs for up to 12 months and giant breed dogs up to 18 months?
Because they can adversely affect developing joint cartilage, causing bubblelike lesions to form in the joint cartilage
What does relatively contraindicated mean?
If the benefit outweighs the risk, give the medication
What does Absolute contraindication mean?
The drug should not be given under certain conditions, period.
What can significantly reduce absorption of quinolones?
Antacids
Sucralfate
What are other precautions for quinolones?
Can cause seizures rare or infrequently and blindness in cats
What is an increasing concern in human medicine?
The bacterial resistance seen in animals could transfer to resistant bacteria in people and pose a significant threat to human food
What is the reason there is a ban on extra-label use of quinolones in any food-producing animal?
The increased bacterial resistance
