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Pharmacology > Cephalosporins > Flashcards

Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

What type of antimicrobials are Cephalosporins?

A

Beta-lactam antimicrobials

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2
Q

How do cephalosporins function?

A

By disrupting bacterial cell wall formation during cellular division

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3
Q

How are Cephalosporins classified?

A

By generations according to when they were first developed

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4
Q

Which generation of Cephalosporins is primarily effective against gram-positive bacteria, less effective against gram-negative bacteria?

A

First generation Cephalosporins

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5
Q

What are examples of 1st generation cephalosporins?

A

Cefadroxil (Cefa-drops)
Cephapirin (Cefa-Lak/Cefa-Dri)
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Cefazolin (Kefzol)

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6
Q

Cephalosporins are more resistant to the degradation by bacterial Beta-lactamase which makes them more effective against what bacteria than the penicillins?

A

Staphylococcous spp

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7
Q

Which generation is more effective against gram-negative bacteria than 1st generation but there are no veterinary products approved for use in vet med?

A

Second generation Cephalosporins

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8
Q

What generation of cephalosporins are effective against gram-negative Pseudomonas and are often selected for initial empiric therapy due to their broad spectrum of activity?

A

Third generation

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9
Q

What are examples of third generation cephalosporins?

A

Cefovecin (Convenia)
Cefpodoxime (Simplicef)
Ceftiofur (Naxcel or Excenel)

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10
Q

What generations of cephalosporins are not used in vet med?

A

4th and 5th generation

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of Action for Cephalosporins?

A

Bind to & inhibit enzymes responsible for the formation of bacterial cell walls.

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12
Q

What kind of bacteria are cephalosporins effective against?

A

Rapidly dividing bacterial colonies

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13
Q

Is there a Beta-lactamases specific for cephalosporins?

A

Yes. Cephalosporinases

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14
Q

Why are cephalosporins considered safe antimicrobials?

A

Because mammalian cells do not have cell walls

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15
Q

Can Cephalosporins cause hypersensitivity?

A

Yes but the incidence is much lower than penicillins

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16
Q

If an animal has a reaction to penicillins can they also have a reaction to cephalosporins?

A

Yes

17
Q

What is caused by an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria that may be associated with oral administration of first generation cephalosporins?

A

Superinfection

18
Q

Cephalosporins administered orally may cause what side effects?

A

Anorexia
Vomiting
Diarrhea

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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