Exam 2 study guide

Question 1

The α2 agonist drugs:

Answer 1

are sedatives with some analgesic effects

Question 2

The reversal drugs for ___________ are yohimbine and tolazoline.

Answer 2

xylazine

Question 3

__________________ is a mixed agonist/antagonist opioid that is labeled for use as an antitussive in small animals.

Answer 3

butorphanol

Question 4

______________ is the prototypical opioid drug against which all other opioids tend to be measured.

Answer 4

Morphine

Question 5

μ-mediated opioid analgesia primarily works by:

Answer 5

decreasing release of excitatory neurotransmitters and dampening excitation of post-synaptic sites

Question 6

Propofol:

Answer 6

directly stimulates the GABA-A receptor
is an injectable anesthetic agent
inhibits the NMDA receptor

Question 7

The tranquilizer drug __________ produces its effect by enhancing GABA activity.

Answer 7

diazepam

Question 8

_______________ is a CNS stimulant that works at the medulla of the brainstem to increase respiration.

Answer 8

doxapram

Question 9

Opioids and opiates are exactly the same substances.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

The 4 steps of the pain pathway (in order) are:

Answer 10

transduction, transmission, modulation, perception

Question 11

The heart consists of a __________-pump system.

Answer 11

2

Question 12

Catecholamines are positive inotropes.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Heart valves allow blood flow in a single direction.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

______________ reduces pulmonary edema formation and is available as a topical cream.

Answer 14

Nitroglycerin

Question 15

The _____________ receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs.

Answer 15

Pulmonary veins

Question 16

Ventricular contraction is recorded as the T wave on the ECG.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

The cholinergic receptors

Answer 17

include muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
are often stimulated by parasympathomimetic drugs
are stimulated by acetylcholine

Question 18

ACE inhibitors

Answer 18

prevent angiotensin II and aldosterone formation

Question 19

PVCs are a type of ventricular arrhythmia.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Pimobendan

Answer 20

is used to treat CHF in dogs with mitral valve disease
is an inodilator
is contraindicated in dogs with CHF secondary to HCM

Question 21

Bronchoconstriction mechanisms include all of the following except

Answer 21

stimulation by inflammatory mediators

Question 22

These cells with cilia line the larger bronchioles in the respiratory tree

Answer 22

columnar epithelial

Question 23

This narcotic is the only FDA-approved veterinary antitussive.

Answer 23

butorphanol

Question 24

_____________ therapy is indicated in animals that are transiently hypoxic.

Answer 24

Oxygen

Question 25

Most ________________ episodes are the result of benign allergic reactions to environmental stimuli, though clients often mistake them for life threatening conditions.

Answer 25

reverse sneezing

Question 26

The cough center is a cluster of neurons located in the cerebellum of the brain.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Horses with recurrent airway obstruction may be treated with aerosolized ____________ as part of their treatment.

Answer 27

corticosteroids

Question 28

Administration of the bronchodilator ________________ may affect a horse's racing eligibility.

Answer 28

Theophylline

Question 29

Decongestants

Answer 29

are not typically used in veterinary medicine

Question 30

Thyroid extracts are commonly used to treat hypothyroid veterinary patients.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

________________ is the oral drug of choice for treating hyperthyroidism.

Answer 31

methimazole

Question 32

Cats may go into spontaneous diabetic remission during the course of treatment.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

All of the following statements regarding hyperthyroidism are true except

Answer 33

is more often diagnosed in young cats

Question 34

________________ produces forceful uterine contractions and causes mild letdown.

Answer 34

oxytocin

Question 35

Endocrine systems are regulated by a _________________ mechanism.

Answer 35

negative feedback

Question 36

All of the following statements regarding levothyroxine are true

Answer 36

more closely imitate the negative feedback mechanism on the pituitary gland allows each tissue to individually convert T4 to T3 pending its specific metabolic needs has a longer half-life

Question 37

The thyroid gland regulates the cell's ________________ rate.

Answer 37

Basal metabolic

Question 38

The usage of reproductive drugs in a specific, timed order is referred to as a __________________________protocol.

Answer 38

Timed artifical insemination

Question 39

A(n) ______________ compound is one that originates outside the body.

Answer 39

Exogenous

Question 40

Induction of emesis via 3% hydrogen peroxide

Answer 40

should be limited to 1.1-2.2 mL/kg (limit 45mL)

Question 41

Sulfasalazine is an antibiotic chemically linked to a salicylate molecule, which is the component that acts as an antidiarrheal drug.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

The opioid antidiarrheal drugs

Answer 42

include loperamide and diphenoxylate increase segmental contractions in the small intestines decrease peristaltic contractions

Question 43

____________ are particularly susceptible to colic or impaction problems due to their expanded colon and cecum.

Answer 43

Horses

Question 44

As a general rule, gastroenterologists recommend the use of antimicrobials in the treatment of most cases of vomiting or diarrhea.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Ionophores, a group of antimicrobial drugs,

Answer 45

are used in livestock to control coccidia improve conversion of cattle feed into animal weight can be toxic, even fatal, in horses

Question 46

Digestion is a conscious process controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

_____________ are drug molecules that cause other molecules to adhere to their outer surfaces, and decrease the likelihood of those compounds being absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 47

Adsorbents

Question 48

Maropitant is an NK-1 antagonist that has always been labeled for injection in dogs and cats in the US.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

The osmotic cathartic ____________ is used to treat chronic constipation, as well as helping to reduce clinical signs associated with hepatic encephalopathy.

Answer 49

Lactulose

Question 50

Antimicrobial use in food animals is not....

Answer 50

continued for at least 7-10 days usually administered via nebulization based on diagnostic test results