Exam 2 study guide Flashcards
The α2 agonist drugs:
are sedatives with some analgesic effects
The reversal drugs for ___________ are yohimbine and tolazoline.
xylazine
__________________ is a mixed agonist/antagonist opioid that is labeled for use as an antitussive in small animals.
butorphanol
______________ is the prototypical opioid drug against which all other opioids tend to be measured.
Morphine
μ-mediated opioid analgesia primarily works by:
decreasing release of excitatory neurotransmitters and dampening excitation of post-synaptic sites
Propofol:
directly stimulates the GABA-A receptor
is an injectable anesthetic agent
inhibits the NMDA receptor
The tranquilizer drug __________ produces its effect by enhancing GABA activity.
diazepam
_______________ is a CNS stimulant that works at the medulla of the brainstem to increase respiration.
doxapram
Opioids and opiates are exactly the same substances.
False
The 4 steps of the pain pathway (in order) are:
transduction, transmission, modulation, perception
The heart consists of a __________-pump system.
2
Catecholamines are positive inotropes.
True
Heart valves allow blood flow in a single direction.
True
______________ reduces pulmonary edema formation and is available as a topical cream.
Nitroglycerin
The _____________ receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs.
Pulmonary veins
Ventricular contraction is recorded as the T wave on the ECG.
False
The cholinergic receptors
include muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
are often stimulated by parasympathomimetic drugs
are stimulated by acetylcholine
ACE inhibitors
prevent angiotensin II and aldosterone formation
PVCs are a type of ventricular arrhythmia.
True
Pimobendan
is used to treat CHF in dogs with mitral valve disease
is an inodilator
is contraindicated in dogs with CHF secondary to HCM
Bronchoconstriction mechanisms include all of the following except
stimulation by inflammatory mediators
These cells with cilia line the larger bronchioles in the respiratory tree
columnar epithelial
This narcotic is the only FDA-approved veterinary antitussive.
butorphanol
_____________ therapy is indicated in animals that are transiently hypoxic.
Oxygen
Most ________________ episodes are the result of benign allergic reactions to environmental stimuli, though clients often mistake them for life threatening conditions.
reverse sneezing
The cough center is a cluster of neurons located in the cerebellum of the brain.
False
Horses with recurrent airway obstruction may be treated with aerosolized ____________ as part of their treatment.
corticosteroids
Administration of the bronchodilator ________________ may affect a horse’s racing eligibility.
Theophylline
Decongestants
are not typically used in veterinary medicine
Thyroid extracts are commonly used to treat hypothyroid veterinary patients.
False
________________ is the oral drug of choice for treating hyperthyroidism.
methimazole
Cats may go into spontaneous diabetic remission during the course of treatment.
True
All of the following statements regarding hyperthyroidism are true except
is more often diagnosed in young cats
________________ produces forceful uterine contractions and causes mild letdown.
oxytocin
Endocrine systems are regulated by a _________________ mechanism.
negative feedback
All of the following statements regarding levothyroxine are true
more closely imitate the negative feedback mechanism on the pituitary gland
allows each tissue to individually convert T4 to T3 pending its specific metabolic needs
has a longer half-life
The thyroid gland regulates the cell’s ________________ rate.
Basal metabolic
The usage of reproductive drugs in a specific, timed order is referred to as a __________________________protocol.
Timed artifical insemination
A(n) ______________ compound is one that originates outside the body.
Exogenous
Induction of emesis via 3% hydrogen peroxide
should be limited to 1.1-2.2 mL/kg (limit 45mL)
Sulfasalazine is an antibiotic chemically linked to a salicylate molecule, which is the component that acts as an antidiarrheal drug.
True
The opioid antidiarrheal drugs
include loperamide and diphenoxylate
increase segmental contractions in the small intestines
decrease peristaltic contractions
____________ are particularly susceptible to colic or impaction problems due to their expanded colon and cecum.
Horses
As a general rule, gastroenterologists recommend the use of antimicrobials in the treatment of most cases of vomiting or diarrhea.
False
Ionophores, a group of antimicrobial drugs,
are used in livestock to control coccidia
improve conversion of cattle feed into animal weight
can be toxic, even fatal, in horses
Digestion is a conscious process controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
False
_____________ are drug molecules that cause other molecules to adhere to their outer surfaces, and decrease the likelihood of those compounds being absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract.
Adsorbents
Maropitant is an NK-1 antagonist that has always been labeled for injection in dogs and cats in the US.
False
The osmotic cathartic ____________ is used to treat chronic constipation, as well as helping to reduce clinical signs associated with hepatic encephalopathy.
Lactulose
Antimicrobial use in food animals is not….
continued for at least 7-10 days
usually administered via nebulization
based on diagnostic test results
