Macrolides Flashcards
Are Macrolides bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
Bacteriostatic
What are macrolides used primarily to treat?
Gram-positive bacterial respiratory disease
What are examples of Macrolides?
Erythromycin Azithromycin Tilmicosin Tylosin Tulathromycin
What macrolide when used in dogs in low doses increases stomach motility, increase the speed of gastric emptying and reduces stomach acid reflux into the esophagus?
Erythromycin
What macrolide has a slightly broader spectrum of activity than erythromycin, accumulates in significant concentrations in the respiratory tract?
Azithromycin
Azithromycin is effective against what?
Gram-positive bacteria
Mycoplasma
What is the trade name of Tilmicosin?
Micotil
What macrolide is approved for SQ administration to treat bovine respiratory disease and is irritating if it is given IM?
Timicosin
What causes tachycardia and fatal arrhythmias in humans and has caused death in livestock handlers?
Tilmicosin
What is the trade name of Tylosin?
Tylan
Tylosin has historically been used to promote growth in what animals?
Cattle
Swine
Chickens
What does Tylosin treat in livestock?
Bovine keratoconjunctivitis or “pink eye”
Swine dysentery
Respiratory disease in catttle and pigs
bacterial infection in honey bees
What is the withdrawal time of Tylosin?
2 weeks for pigs
3 weeks for cattle
Why should Tylosin not be used in lactating animals?
The residue can appear in the milk for longer periods of time
Tylosin is used in middle-aged, larger breed dogs to treat what?
Chronic diarrhea syndrome “Tylosin responsive enteritis”
Does Tylosin cure chronic diarrhea syndrome in dogs?
No. It controls the diarrhea but is does not necessarily provide a cure
What is the newest addition to the macrolide family?
Tulathromycin
What does Tulathromycin treat with a single-injection?
Bovine respiratory disease for up to 14 days
What else is Tulathromycin used to treat?
IBK or pink eye
Interdigital necrobacillosis aka bovine foot rot
What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
The spectrum of activity for macrolides is similar to what other group of drugs?
Penicillins
Is used when patients have penicillin allergies
Why are macrolides used to treat respiratory diseases?
Because they accumulate in respiratory secretions and are delivered to the surface of the respiratory tract where the bacterial infection typically start
What side effects do macrolides cause in dogs?
Intestinal cramping
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
