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Pharmacology > Macrolides > Flashcards

Macrolides Flashcards

1
Q

Are Macrolides bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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2
Q

What are macrolides used primarily to treat?

A

Gram-positive bacterial respiratory disease

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3
Q

What are examples of Macrolides?

A 
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Tilmicosin
Tylosin
Tulathromycin
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4
Q

What macrolide when used in dogs in low doses increases stomach motility, increase the speed of gastric emptying and reduces stomach acid reflux into the esophagus?

A

Erythromycin

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5
Q

What macrolide has a slightly broader spectrum of activity than erythromycin, accumulates in significant concentrations in the respiratory tract?

A

Azithromycin

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6
Q

Azithromycin is effective against what?

A

Gram-positive bacteria

Mycoplasma

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7
Q

What is the trade name of Tilmicosin?

A

Micotil

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8
Q

What macrolide is approved for SQ administration to treat bovine respiratory disease and is irritating if it is given IM?

A

Timicosin

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9
Q

What causes tachycardia and fatal arrhythmias in humans and has caused death in livestock handlers?

A

Tilmicosin

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10
Q

What is the trade name of Tylosin?

A

Tylan

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11
Q

Tylosin has historically been used to promote growth in what animals?

A

Cattle
Swine
Chickens

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12
Q

What does Tylosin treat in livestock?

A

Bovine keratoconjunctivitis or “pink eye”
Swine dysentery
Respiratory disease in catttle and pigs
bacterial infection in honey bees

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13
Q

What is the withdrawal time of Tylosin?

A

2 weeks for pigs

3 weeks for cattle

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14
Q

Why should Tylosin not be used in lactating animals?

A

The residue can appear in the milk for longer periods of time

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15
Q

Tylosin is used in middle-aged, larger breed dogs to treat what?

A

Chronic diarrhea syndrome “Tylosin responsive enteritis”

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16
Q

Does Tylosin cure chronic diarrhea syndrome in dogs?

A

No. It controls the diarrhea but is does not necessarily provide a cure

17
Q

What is the newest addition to the macrolide family?

A

Tulathromycin

18
Q

What does Tulathromycin treat with a single-injection?

A

Bovine respiratory disease for up to 14 days

19
Q

What else is Tulathromycin used to treat?

A

IBK or pink eye

Interdigital necrobacillosis aka bovine foot rot

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

21
Q

The spectrum of activity for macrolides is similar to what other group of drugs?

A

Penicillins

Is used when patients have penicillin allergies

22
Q

Why are macrolides used to treat respiratory diseases?

A

Because they accumulate in respiratory secretions and are delivered to the surface of the respiratory tract where the bacterial infection typically start

23
Q

What side effects do macrolides cause in dogs?

A

Intestinal cramping
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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