testing medicine Flashcards
whar was the heart drug digitalis extracted from in the past
foxglove
what was the drug aspirin extracted from in the past
willow trees
what 3 things do we need to test when it comes to drugs and
toxicity
efficacy
dosage
what is toxicity
how safe it is and if theres any side effects
what is efficacy
how effective it is and how well it works
what is dosage
how much is needed to be given for best results
why is preclinical testing not carried out on humans
because it may be unsafe
what happens in the first stage of preclinical trials
computer models, cells and tissues are tested up
this stage is often failed as cells are damaged or it doesnt work
what happens in the second stage of preclinical trials
animals are tested upon with a known amount of a substance
side effects are monitored
what happens during clinical testing
low doses are given to human volunteers to check if its safe
if safe clinical testing continues to find optimal dose
it is the given to people with the illness to ensure safety and optimal dose
what happens during a double blind trial
a test group receive an active drug while placebo control group receive a dummy drug that has no active ingredient
do the patients and doctors know who gets the placebo and why
no because this stops bias in case doctors pay attetion more to people receiving the active drug
