testicular cancer Flashcards
pathophysiology of testicular cancer
arise from germ cells
rare: non-germ cell, metastases
can be divided into seminomas and non-seminomas (mostly teratomas)
risk factors for testicular cancer
undescended testes
male infertility
family history
increased height
presentation of testicular cancer
painless lump on the testicle
sometimes pain
- hard
- irregular
- not fluctuant
rarely can see gynaecomastia (leydig cell tumour)
investigation for testicular cancer
scrotal ultrasound
tumour markers:
- alpha fetoprotein (teratoma)
- BhCG (raised in both)
- LDH (non specific)
staging CT
staging system for testicular cancer
royal marsden staging
metastases of testicular cancer
lymphatics
lungs
liver
brain
management of testicular cancer
surgery
chemo
radiotherapy
sperm banking
