questions Flashcards
affect of arteriole constriction on GFR
increases
impact of angiotensin II on renal artery
vasoconstriction
what is GFR
volume of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule per unit time
indications for dialysis
acidosis electrolyte abnormality (sever and unresponsive hyperkalaemia) intoxication oedema uraemia symptoms (seizures)
osler’s nodes
paniful nodes (on the pulp of fingers) infective endocarditis
pansystolic murmur
mitral regurgitation
relationship between kidney stones and crohn’s disease
fat malabsorption in small bowel > calcium is bound by unabsorbed fatty acids > oxalates are left free and excessively absorbed > deposit in the kidney to form stones
red cell clasts on microscopy
nephritic syndrome
needle-shaped crystals on microscopy
gout
brown granular casts on microscopy
acute tubular necrosis
hyaline casts
seen in normal urine after exercise, during fever, use of loop diuretics
where is majority of phosphate reabsorbed
proximal convoluting tubule
urine dipstick positive for nitrites and leukocytes
urinary tract infection
first line investigation in pyelonephritis
urine dipstick
most common pathogen of pyelonephritis
e.coli
treatment of pyelonephritis
female lower UTI:
trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin
male: the same but for 7 days
Complicated (GP)
• Co-amoxiclav or co-trimoxazole orally for 14 days
Complicated (hospital)
• Amoxicillin and gentamicin IV for 3 days (cotrimoxazole and gentamicin if penicillin allergic)
foot processes on the glomerular basement membrane are fused (effaced) together on electron microscopy
minimal change disease
most common nephrotic syndrome in children
minimal change disease
treatment of minimal change disease
steroids and ACEi
Myeloma presentation
anaemia, hypercalcaemia, bone pain, and AKI
