glomerulonephritis Flashcards
what is nephritic syndrome
group of features that occur with nephritis:
- haematuria
- oliguria
- proteinuria (<3g per day)
- fluid retention
what is nephrotic syndrome
occurs when basement membrane in the glomerulus becomes highly permeable= significant proteinuria
- proteinuria
- low serum albumin
- peripheral oedema
- hypercholesterolaemia
how does nephrotic syndrome present
oedema
frothy urine- due to protein
predisposes patients to: thrombosis, hypertension and high cholesterol
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
minimal change disease
treatment of minimal change disease
steroids
causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults
**membranous nephropathy
**focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
henoch-schonlein purpura
diabetes
infection (HIV)
most common cause of glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
typical presentation of IgA nephropathy
patient in their 20s
haematuria
histology shows IgA deposits and mesangial proliferation
what is membranous nephropathy
deposits of immune complexes in the glomerular basement membrane, causing thickening and malfunctioning of the membrane and proteinuria
what does histology show in membranous nephropathy
IgG and complement deposits on the basement membrane
cause of membranous nephropathy
idiopathic
secondary to malignancy
SLE
drugs (NSAIDs)
what is membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
immune complex deposits and mesangial proliferation
typically affects patients in 30s
typical presentation of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
patients under 30
1-3 weeks after streptococcal infection (tonsilitis, impetigo)
presentation of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
acute severe illness
histology shows glomerular crescents
what is goodpasture syndrome (anti-glomerular basement membrane disease)
anti-GBM antibodies attack the glomerulus and pulmonary basement membranes
causes glomerulonephritis and pulmonary haemorrage
patients in 20s or 60s with AKI and haemoptysis
systemic diseases that can cause glomerulonephritis
henoch-schonlein purpura
vasculitis
lupus nephritis
3 differentials for patient with AKI and haemoptysis and how to differentiate
goodpasture syndrome- anti-GBM antibodies
microscopic polyangiitis- p-ANCA (MPO)
granulomatosis with polyangiitis- c-ANCA (PR3)
management of glomerulonephritis
supportive care
immunosuppression (corticosteroids)
