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Psych 101 > Test 4: Social Psychology > Flashcards

Test 4: Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Agression

A

behavior whose purpose is to harm another.

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2
Q

Premeditated Agression

A

is when people consciously decide to use aggression to achieve their goals. (violent or not (computer hackers))

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3
Q

Impulsive Agression

A
  • is when people aggress spontaneously without premeditation.
  • More about unpleasant internal states than scarce resources
  • Temperature example
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4
Q

Frustration-Agression Principle

A

people aggress when their goals are thwarted.

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5
Q

____differences exist in types of aggressive behavior.

A

Gender

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6
Q

Cooperation

A
  • behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit.
  • the prisoner’s dilemma game.
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7
Q

Altruism

A

behavior that benefits another without benefiting oneself.

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8
Q

Reciprocal Altruism

A

behavior that benefits another with the expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future

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9
Q

Genuine Altruism

A

heroism

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10
Q

Group

A

a collection of two or more people who believe they have something in common.

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11
Q

Prejudice

A

a positive or negative evaluation of another person based on his or her group membership.

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12
Q

Discrimination

A

positive or negative behavior toward another person based on his or her group membership.

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13
Q

Deidividuation

A

immersion in group causes people to become less aware of their individual values. Become somewhat anonymous

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14
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

feel diminished responsibility for actions because others are acting the same way OR because you assume others will act.

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15
Q

Social Loafing

A

is the phenomenon of people exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone.

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16
Q

Bystander Effect

A

is a social psychological phenomenon that refers to cases in which individuals do not offer any means of help to a victim when other people are present.

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17
Q

Conformity

A

tendency to conform to group

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18
Q

Group Think

A

extreme form of conformity that occurs in close groups. Members think alike and suppress all doubts and dissent.

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19
Q

More ___ for women to make “reproductive mistake”

A

costly; because:

-Fewer eggs, 9 months pregnant, risk life to have child

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20
Q

Situational Factors: Mere-exposure Effect

A

the tendency for liking to increase with the frequency of exposure.

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21
Q

Physical Factors: Appearance

A

Attractive people have more friends, more dates, more fun, earn 10% money, better social skills
Mothers of attractive babies are more affectionate and playful
Universal standards of beauty: related to good genes and good parental tendencies

22
Q

Psychological Factors

A

personality, beliefs, attitudes, values, abilities
We tend to marry people with similar levels of education, religious backgrounds, ethnicities, SES, personalities. WHY?
Easier to get along with someone who sees the world the way you do
When you share beliefs, you feel more confident these beliefs are correct

23
Q

Human infants are born ___ they are fully developed and thus need committed caretakers, unlike many other animals.

A

before

-Nurturing often requires more than one parent can provide.

24
Q

Passionate Love

A

an experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction. Diminishes in a few months.

25
Q

Companionate Love

A

an experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a partner’s well-being. No necessary decline.

26
Q

Research shows that faces are considered especially beautiful when their features approximate the ____ of the human population.

A

average

27
Q

Social Influence

A

the control of one person’s behavior by another.

28
Q

Hedonic Principle

A

creating situations in which others can achieve more pleasure by doing what we want them to do.
Parents, teachers, government, businesses offer rewards and threaten punishment

29
Q

Observational Learning

A

learning that occurs when one person observes another person being rewarded or punished.
-Examples: public hangings, Bobo the Clown, mothers who smile/frown at snakes

30
Q

Approval Motive

A

having others like us, accept us, and approve of us.

31
Q

Social Norms

A

a customary standard for behavior that is shared by members of a culture. Conventions of everyday life that make interactions with others predictable and orderly.
-Examples: laws, conventions of behavior (elevator, greetings)

32
Q

Social Roles

A
  • positions that are regulated by norms about how people in those positions should behave
  • Gender roles, occupational roles, family roles
33
Q

Norm of Reciprocity

A
  • help those who help you

- Examples: “I’ll pay next time.”; Higher tips when server gives candy with bill.

34
Q

Door-in-the-face technique

A

example of Norm of Reciprocity

-asking a lot, then making a concession which the other person feels obligated to make a concession also

35
Q

Foot-in-the-door technique

A

not example of Norm of Reciprocity but another form of persuasion.
-The petition/yard sign example

36
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Unpleasant feelings when recognize inconsistencies in our actions, attitudes, and beliefs.

37
Q

Obedience

A

the tendency to do what authorities tell us to do simply because they tell us to do it.

  • Milgram’s Obedience Studies.
  • Stanford Prison Studies.
38
Q

Milgram’s Obedience Studies

A

Thing with teacher shocking the learner because the whitecoat told them to

39
Q

Obedience is a function of situation NOT…

A

personality

40
Q

Stanford Prison Studies

A

college students were randomly assigned to the roles of prisoners and guards

41
Q

Why do People Obey?

A

Compliance is generally good for society

Most people obey because:
Obvious consequences if disobey
-Suspended from school, jail, fines

Gain something if obey
-Liked by others, promoted, learn from authorities knowledge

Deeply convinced of authorities legitimacy
-Want respect from authority and value relationship, trust

42
Q

Allocate Responsibility to Authority

A

It is his fault/problem. I’m just following orders

Abu Ghraib prison

43
Q

Routinizing the task

A

When you define actions in terms of routine duties, roles, and tasks, it starts to feel normal. Just another job to be done. Busy work distracts from ethical questions
Nazis and Khmer Rouge kept meticulous records of every victim

44
Q

Deeply convinced of authorities legitimacy

A

Good manners are important; Don’t want to rock the boat, doubt the expert, be rude, be wrong, be shunned by authority figure you respect

45
Q

Become entrapped

A

Entrapment: individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment in it
Train interrogators to use torture

46
Q

Attitude

A

an enduring positive or negative evaluation of a person, group, idea, object, event, or activity.

47
Q

Persuasion

A

occurs when person’s attitudes and beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person.

48
Q

Heuristic Persuasion

A

appeal to habit or emotion to persuade someone to believe something.
Heuristics: shortcuts, rule of thumb

49
Q

Validity Effect

A

tendency to believe that something is true simply because it has been repeated many times.

50
Q

Scare Tactics

A
  • least effective way to get people to change their minds

- Scared people become defensive & hopeless

51
Q

Coercive Persuasion

A

designed to suppress individual’s ability to reason, think critically, and make choices in his/her own best interest.
Examples: “cults”

52
Q

Key Processes of Coercive Persuasion

A

Person is put under physical or emotional stress.

Person’s problems are reduced to one simple explanation which is repeatedly emphasized.

Leader offers unconditional love/acceptance/attention.

New identity is created.

Person is subjected to entrapment.

Person’s access to information is controlled.

Psych 101 (19 decks)

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