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Psych 101 > Test 3: Development > Flashcards

Test 3: Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

the study of continuity and change across the life span.

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2
Q

Prenatal Stage

A

from conception to birth.

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3
Q

Germinal Stage

A

from conception through the first 2 weeks.

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4
Q

Zygote

A

a single cell that contains chromosomes from both a sperm and an egg

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5
Q

Embryonic Stage

A
  • The period of prenatal development that lasts from the 2nd week until about the 8th week.
  • Embryo
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6
Q

Fetal Stage

A
  • the period of prenatal development that lasts from the 9th week until birth.
  • Fetus
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7
Q

The ____ links the mother’s bloodstream to the developing embryo or fetus.

A

Placenta

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8
Q

Teratogens

A

agents that damage the process of development, such as drugs and viruses.

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9
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

a developmental disorder that stems from heavy alcohol use by the mother during pregnancy.

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10
Q

Infancy

A

the stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 mos.

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11
Q

Motor development

A

the emergence of the ability to execute physical action.

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12
Q

Reflexes

A

specific patterns of motor response that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation.

  • Rooting Reflex
  • Sucking Reflex
  • Babinski Reflex
  • Moro Reflex
  • Stepping Reflex
  • Grasping Reflex
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13
Q

Cognitive Development

A

the emergence of the ability to understand the world.

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14
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Development

A

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

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15
Q

Sensorimotor Stage (birth-infancy)

A

Schemas
Assimilation
Accommodation
Object permanence

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16
Q

Preoperational Stage (2-6)

A

Egocentrism vs Perspective

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17
Q

Concrete Operational Stage (6-11)

A

Conservation: the notion that the quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the object’s appearance

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18
Q

Schemas

A

theories about or models of the way the world works

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19
Q

Assimilation

A

infants apply their schemas in novel situations

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20
Q

Accommodation

A

infants revise their schemas in light of new information

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21
Q

Object permanence

A

the idea that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible

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22
Q

Formal Operational Stage (11-adulthood)

A

Logic, reasoning, abstract thinking, hypotheticals

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23
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

0

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24
Q

Social Referencing

A

the ability to use another person’s reactions as information

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25
Q

Joint Attention

A

at 9 – 15 mos. of age, babies can direct their attention to a point in space to which another’s eyes are directed.

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26
Q

Private Speech

A

-talking to self, running scenarios

example- being a firefighter superhero rescuing the princess

27
Q

Cog abilities develop in continuous, overlapping ___ (not discrete stages)

A

waves

28
Q

Preschoolers are not as ___ as Piaget thought

A

egocentric

29
Q

Children understand ___ than Piaget thought

A

more

30
Q

Cog dev is greatly affected by ___.

A

culture

31
Q

Piaget ___ the cog skills of some adults

A

overestimated

32
Q

Harlow’s Baby Rhesus Monkeys:

A

preferred soft cloth monkey over wire monkey with food

33
Q

Attachment

A

the emotional bond that forms between newborns and their primary caregivers.

34
Q

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Test

A

Baby left in room with stranger, how the react when mom comes back shows type of attachment

35
Q

Secure Attachement

A

If the caregiver leaves, then returns, infants who had been distressed by her absence go to her and are calmed by her proximity, while those who had not been distressed acknowledge her return with a glance or greeting

36
Q

Avoidant Attachment

A

These infants are generally not distressed when their caregiver leaves the room, and they generally do not acknowledge her when she returns

37
Q

Ambivalent Attachment

A

These infants are almost always distressed when their caregiver leaves the room, but when she returns they rebuff her attempt to calm them, arching their backs and squirming to get away

38
Q

Disorganized Attachment

A

These infants show no consistent pattern of responses when their caregiver leaves or returns

39
Q

Internal working model of attachment

A

a set of expectations about how the primary caregiver will respond when the child feels insecure.

40
Q

Temperments

A

characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity. (35% are a mixture of the three)

41
Q

Easy/Flexible

A

40%- do not cry or fight very often, laid back

42
Q

Difficult/Fiesty

A

10%- Cry and fight, temper tantrums

43
Q

Slow to warm/cautious

A

15%- need more time to warm up to new situations

44
Q

Realism to Relativism

A

Moral rules are real truths about the world
vs
Moral rules are inventions and groups of people can adopt, change or abandon them

45
Q

Prescriptions to Principles

A

Moral rules are guidelines for specific actions in specific situations
vs
moral rules are expressions of more general principles (fairness/equality)

46
Q

Outcomes to Intentions

A

Unintentional acts that cause much harm are worse than intentional acts that cause mild harm
vs
Morality of action is critically dependent on person’s state of mind and intentions

47
Q

Heinz Dilemma

A

Woman dying of cancer and druggist has drug, Heinz breaks into store to get it

48
Q

Preconventional Stage (children)

A

the morality of an action is primarily determined by its consequences for the actor.

49
Q

Conventional Stage (entering teens)

A

the morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules.

50
Q

Postconventional Stage (adulthood)

A

the morality of an action is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values.

51
Q

Research suggests the capacity for moral feelings is ___. Moral sense and desire to get along well with others can be nurtured or diminished by child’s ___.

A

inborn; experiences

52
Q

Power Assertion

A

Used to enforce punishment and authority to correct child’s misbehavior

53
Q

Induction

A

Parents appeal to child’s good nature, empathy, love for parent, and sense of responsibility AND offer explanation of rules

54
Q

Adolescence

A

begins with the onset of sexual maturity (about 11-14 yrs.) and lasts until the beginning of adulthood (about 18-21 yrs.).

55
Q

Puberty

A

the bodily changes associated with sexual maturity. Recently, onset has been earlier.

56
Q

Primary Sex Characteristics

A

bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction.

57
Q

Secondary Sex Characteristics

A

bodily structures that change dramatically with sexual maturity but that are not directly involved in reproduction.

58
Q

Time between childhood and adulthood has increased as onset of ___ becomes earlier

A

puberty

59
Q

Adolescents are adults who have been __ a place in adult society so feel compelled to demonstrate independence

A

denied

60
Q

Boys externalize problems as ___

A

agression

61
Q

Girls internalize problems by …

A

withdrawing or developing EDs

62
Q

65% of American women report having had ___ by age 18, 90% by age 21

A

sex

63
Q

25% of teens have had > __ partners by senior year of HS

A

4

Psych 101 (19 decks)

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