Test 1: Introduction

Question 0

Mind

Answer 0

Private inner experience

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

Scientific study of mind and behavior

Question 2

Behavior

Answer 2

Observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals

Question 3

What does an fMRI do?

Answer 3

Allows scientists to scan a brain and see which parts are active when a person does something.

Question 4

How does the mind usually allow us to function effectively in the world?

Answer 4

The function of the mind is to help us do what we have to do in order to prosper, such as acquiring food, shelter, and mates.

Question 5

What are emotions function?

Answer 5

Emotions function as signals that tell us when we are putting ourselves in harm’s way.

Question 6

Nativism

Answer 6

Certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn

Question 7

Who argued in favor of Nativism?

Answer 7

Plato

Question 8

Philosophical empiricism

Answer 8

We are a tabula rasa and that all knowledge is acquired through experience.

Question 9

Who argued for philosophical empiricism?

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

René Descartes

Answer 10

Body and Mind are fundamentally different things. Mind influences body through pineal gland.

Question 11

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 11

The mind is what the brain does.

Question 12

Franz Joseph Gall

Answer 12

Thought brains and mind were linked but by size rather than by glands. Came up with phrenology.

Question 13

Phrenology

Answer 13

Specific mental abilities and characteristics, ranging from memory to the capacity for happiness, are localized in specific regions of the brain.

Question 14

Paul Broca

Answer 14

Crucial insight that damage to a specific part of the brain impaired a specific mental function, demonstrating that the mind and the brain are closely linked.

Question 15

Physiology

Answer 15

Study of biological processes, especially in the human body

Question 16

Stimulus

Answer 16

Sensory input from the environment

Question 17

Reaction time

Answer 17

The amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus

Question 18

Hermann Von Helmholtz

Answer 18

Studied nerve impulses and reaction times, showed mental processes did not occur simultaneously.

Question 19

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 19

Opened the first lab ever to be exclusively devoted to psychological studies. Believed psychology should focus on analyzing consciousness. Also adapted structuralism.

Question 20

Consciousness

Answer 20

A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind.

Question 21

Structuralism

Answer 21

The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind

Question 22

Introspection

Answer 22

The subjective observation of one’s own experience

Question 23

William James

Answer 23

“Father of psychology”- believed that trying to isolate and analyze a particular moment of consciousness distorted the essential nature of consciousness. Said consciousness was more like a flowing stream than a bundle of separate elements. Functionalist.

Question 24

Functionalism

Answer 24

The study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment.

Question 25

Natural selection

Answer 25

The features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to the subsequent generations.

Question 26

Jean-Martin Charcot

Answer 26

Interviewed hysteria patients using hypnosis

Question 27

Hysteria

Answer 27

A temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences.

Question 28

Sigmund Freud

Answer 28

Defined the unconsciousness and developed the psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalysis

Question 29

Unconscious

Answer 29

The part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Question 30

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 30

An approach that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors

Question 31

Psychoanalysis

Answer 31

Bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness.

Question 32

Humanistic psychology

Answer 32

an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings

Question 33

Challenges for Psychoanalysis?

Answer 33

- Sexual spin on psychology - Pessimistic view - Difficult to study - Freud did not do well with those who questioned his approach

Question 34

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

Answer 34

Associated with humanistic psychology

Question 35

Humanistic psychology

Answer 35

an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings

Question 36

John Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Ivan Pavlov

Answer 36

associated with behaviorism

Question 37

Behaviorism

Answer 37

the scientific study of objectively observable behavior

Question 38

Response

Answer 38

an action or physiological change elicited by a stimulus

Question 39

Skinner

Answer 39

- animals learn by interacting with their environment- not passive like Pavlov’s dogs - “Skinner box”

Question 40

reinforcement

Answer 40

the consequences of behavior determine whether it will be more or less likely to occur again.

Question 41

Illusions

Answer 41

errors of perception memory, or judgment in which subjective experience differs from objective reality

Question 42

Gestalt psychology

Answer 42

a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts.

Question 43

Sir Frederic Bartlett

Answer 43

Our memory is influenced by our mind (our knowledge, hopes, aspirations, and desires) rather than a photographic representation of actual events.

Question 44

Cognitive psychology

Answer 44

the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning

Question 45

Karl Lashley

Answer 45

- Removed parts of rat brains - Observed deficits - Behavioral Neuroscience

Question 46

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 46

Links between cognitive processes and brain activity

Question 47

John Garcia

Answer 47

associated with evolutionary psych

Question 48

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 48

explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection

Question 49

Norman Triplett

Answer 49

associated with social psych

Question 50

Social psychology

Answer 50

the study of the causes and consequences of interpersonal behavior

Question 51

Culture

Answer 51

the values, traditions, and beliefs that are shared by a particular group of people

Question 52

cultural psychology

Answer 52

the study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members.

Question 53

Margaret Mead

Answer 53

associated with cultural psych

Question 54

American Psychological Association (APA)

Answer 54

Formed in 1892

Question 55

Who makes up most of the psych field?

Answer 55

Clinical psychologists