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Psych 101 > Test 1: Introduction > Flashcards

Test 1: Introduction Flashcards

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0
Q

Mind

A

Private inner experience

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1
Q

Psychology

A

Scientific study of mind and behavior

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2
Q

Behavior

A

Observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals

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3
Q

What does an fMRI do?

A

Allows scientists to scan a brain and see which parts are active when a person does something.

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4
Q

How does the mind usually allow us to function effectively in the world?

A

The function of the mind is to help us do what we have to do in order to prosper, such as acquiring food, shelter, and mates.

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5
Q

What are emotions function?

A

Emotions function as signals that tell us when we are putting ourselves in harm’s way.

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6
Q

Nativism

A

Certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn

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7
Q

Who argued in favor of Nativism?

A

Plato

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8
Q

Philosophical empiricism

A

We are a tabula rasa and that all knowledge is acquired through experience.

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9
Q

Who argued for philosophical empiricism?

A

Aristotle

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10
Q

René Descartes

A

Body and Mind are fundamentally different things. Mind influences body through pineal gland.

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11
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

The mind is what the brain does.

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12
Q

Franz Joseph Gall

A

Thought brains and mind were linked but by size rather than by glands. Came up with phrenology.

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13
Q

Phrenology

A

Specific mental abilities and characteristics, ranging from memory to the capacity for happiness, are localized in specific regions of the brain.

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14
Q

Paul Broca

A

Crucial insight that damage to a specific part of the brain impaired a specific mental function, demonstrating that the mind and the brain are closely linked.

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15
Q

Physiology

A

Study of biological processes, especially in the human body

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16
Q

Stimulus

A

Sensory input from the environment

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17
Q

Reaction time

A

The amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus

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18
Q

Hermann Von Helmholtz

A

Studied nerve impulses and reaction times, showed mental processes did not occur simultaneously.

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19
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Opened the first lab ever to be exclusively devoted to psychological studies. Believed psychology should focus on analyzing consciousness. Also adapted structuralism.

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20
Q

Consciousness

A

A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind.

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21
Q

Structuralism

A

The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind

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22
Q

Introspection

A

The subjective observation of one’s own experience

23
Q

William James

A

“Father of psychology”- believed that trying to isolate and analyze a particular moment of consciousness distorted the essential nature of consciousness. Said consciousness was more like a flowing stream than a bundle of separate elements. Functionalist.

24
Q

Functionalism

A

The study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment.

25
Q

Natural selection

A

The features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to the subsequent generations.

26
Q

Jean-Martin Charcot

A

Interviewed hysteria patients using hypnosis

27
Q

Hysteria

A

A temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences.

28
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Defined the unconsciousness and developed the psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalysis

29
Q

Unconscious

A

The part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions.

30
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

An approach that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors

31
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness.

32
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings

33
Q

Challenges for Psychoanalysis?

A
  • Sexual spin on psychology
  • Pessimistic view
  • Difficult to study
  • Freud did not do well with those who questioned his approach
34
Q

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

A

Associated with humanistic psychology

35
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings

36
Q

John Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Ivan Pavlov

A

associated with behaviorism

37
Q

Behaviorism

A

the scientific study of objectively observable behavior

38
Q

Response

A

an action or physiological change elicited by a stimulus

39
Q

Skinner

A
  • animals learn by interacting with their environment- not passive like Pavlov’s dogs
  • “Skinner box”
40
Q

reinforcement

A

the consequences of behavior determine whether it will be more or less likely to occur again.

41
Q

Illusions

A

errors of perception memory, or judgment in which subjective experience differs from objective reality

42
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts.

43
Q

Sir Frederic Bartlett

A

Our memory is influenced by our mind (our knowledge, hopes, aspirations, and desires) rather than a photographic representation of actual events.

44
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning

45
Q

Karl Lashley

A
  • Removed parts of rat brains
    • Observed deficits
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
46
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

Links between cognitive processes and brain activity

47
Q

John Garcia

A

associated with evolutionary psych

48
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection

49
Q

Norman Triplett

A

associated with social psych

50
Q

Social psychology

A

the study of the causes and consequences of interpersonal behavior

51
Q

Culture

A

the values, traditions, and beliefs that are shared by a particular group of people

52
Q

cultural psychology

A

the study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members.

53
Q

Margaret Mead

A

associated with cultural psych

54
Q

American Psychological Association (APA)

A

Formed in 1892

55
Q

Who makes up most of the psych field?

A

Clinical psychologists

Psych 101 (19 decks)

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