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Psych 101 > Test 3: Stress and Health > Flashcards

Test 3: Stress and Health Flashcards

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1
Q

Stress

A

the physical and psychological response to internal or external stressors.

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2
Q

Stressors

A

specific events or chronic pressures that place demands on a person or threaten the person’s well-being.

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3
Q

Chronic Stressors

A

a source of stress that occurs continuously or repeatedly.

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4
Q

Health Psychology

A

the subfield of psychology concerned with ways psychological factors influence the causes and treatment of physical illness and the maintenance of health.

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5
Q

More daily hassles associated with more psychological and physical ___

A

stress

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6
Q

Performance of children under flight path:

A

higher BP and gave up more easily on difficult problems/puzzles.

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7
Q

Stressors challenge individuals to take some action to _____ the stressor.

A

eliminate or overcome

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8
Q

Studies of perceived control show that ____ underlies stressors.

A

loss of control

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9
Q

Expecting to have control over what happens to you is associated with ___ with stress.

A

dealing

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10
Q

Stress activates a response through the ___

A

HPA axis (hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal)

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11
Q

During stress, ____ AND ___ increase.

A

catecholamines (epinephrine, norephinephrine) and cortisol

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12
Q

catecholamines

A

increase HR, BP, respiration rate

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13
Q

cortisol

A

increase glucose in blood to fuel muscles

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14
Q

Flight-or-fight Response

A

an emotional and psychological reaction to an emergency that increases readiness for action.

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15
Q

Immune System

A

a complex response system that protects the body from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances.

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16
Q

lymphocytes

A

white blood cells that produce antibodies that fight infection. T cells, B cells, NK cells

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17
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

A

study of how immune system responds to psychological variables like stressors.

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18
Q

What causes heart disease

A
  • Atherosclerosis
    - Plaques
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Smoking
  • High fat and high cholesterol diet
  • Chronic Stress
    • Sympathetic NS -> increase BP -> damages blood vessels ->accumulate plaques
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19
Q

Type A behavior pattern

A
  • the tendency toward easily aroused hostility, impatience, a sense of time urgency, and competitive achievement strivings.
  • 2/3 of men in study who had heart attacks were Type A, 1/3 of them were type B
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20
Q

Friedman & Rosenman

A

-Hostility predicts heart disease better than any other causal factor like smoking, diet, cholesterol

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21
Q

Once a person is already sick, ____ emotions affect course of illness and recovery

A

negative

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22
Q

Feeling anxious, depressed, helpless…

A

delays wound healing after surgery (feeling hopeful significantly speed up healing)

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23
Q

Loneliness and worry….

A

suppresses immune system, permiting existing viruses to erupt

24
Q

Depression after heart attack…

A

significantly more likely to die from cardiac causes in succeeding year.

25
Q

Primary appraisal

A

is the interpretation of a stimulus as stressful or not.

26
Q

Secondary appraisal

A

evaluation of controllability of stressor and one’s coping resources (perceived as a threat or challenge).

27
Q

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

A

-chronic physiological arousal
-recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma
-avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind
(reduced hippocampal volume increases susceptibility)
-8% of Americans
-People differ in response to trauma

28
Q

Burnout

A
  • physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion
  • long-term involvement in an emotionally demanding situation
  • accompanied by lower performance and motivation
29
Q

Repressive coping

A

avoiding situations or thoughts that are reminders of a stressor and maintaining an artificially positive viewpoint.

30
Q

Rational coping

A

facing a stressor and working to overcome it.

31
Q

Acceptance

A

coming to realize that the stressor exists and cannot be wished away

32
Q

Exposure

A

attending to the stressor, thinking about it, and even seeking it out

33
Q

Understanding

A

working to find the meaning of the stressful events

34
Q

Exposure therapy

A

helping victims confront and think about what happened

35
Q

Reframing

A

finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor that reduces its threat.

36
Q

Pennebaker Research on Writing

A

Students who spent a few hours writing about their deepest thoughts and feelings were less likely to visit student health center, used less aspirin, and got better grades

37
Q

Relaxation therapy

A
  • a technique for reducing tension by consciously relaxing muscles of the body.
  • Can’t be tense and relaxed at the same time.
38
Q

Relaxation Response

A

a condition of reduced muscle tension, cortical activity, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure.

39
Q

Biofeedback

A

the use of an external monitoring device to obtain information about a bodily function and possibly gain control over that function.

40
Q

Aerobic exercise…

A

is associated with psychological well-being.

41
Q

Situation management

A

involves changing your life situation as a way of reducing the impact of stress on your mind and body.

42
Q

Social Support

A

aid gained through interacting with others.

43
Q

Humor…

A

may help us cope with stress.

44
Q

Religion

A

appears to increase life expectancy by 2-3 years.

45
Q

Why does religion increase life expantancy?

A
  • Social support
  • Religion tends to promote healthy behaviors
  • Relaxation component to prayer (yoga, mediation)
  • Hopefulness imbedded in most religions
46
Q

Sick role

A
  • a socially recognized set of rights and obligations linked with illness.
  • Absolved of responsibility
  • Can get away with being rude, lazy, picky, demanding.
47
Q

malingering

A

-feigning medical or psychological symptoms to achieve something they want.

48
Q

____ for the patient to follow prescribed regimen of care is needed for effective medical care.

A

Physician empathy and motivation

49
Q

___ deteriorates when treatments are frequent and/or numerous, inconvenient , or painful.

A

Compliance

50
Q

People ___ in the degree in which they attend to and report bodily symptoms.

A

differ

-b/c differences in the areas of the brain activated during pain experiences.

51
Q

Psychosomatic illness

A

an interaction between mind and body that can produce illness.

52
Q

somatoform disorders

A

the set of psychological disorders in which the person displays physical symptoms not fully explained by a general medical condition.

53
Q

hypochondriasis

A

a psychological disorder in which a person is preoccupied with minor symptoms and develops an exaggerated belief that the symptoms signify a life-threatening illness.

54
Q

Personality characteristics of individuals with better health include:

A
  • optimism (those who expect the best)
  • hardiness (those who are thick-skinned and stress-resistant; show a sense of commitment, believe in control, and accept challenges).
55
Q

Self-regulation

A

the exercise of voluntary control over the self to bring the self into line with preferred standards.
requires inner strength and willpower, and may relate to strategy.

56
Q

Risk takers exhibit an illusion of ___when it comes to sexual behavior.

A

unique invulnerability and impulsivity

Psych 101 (19 decks)

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