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Psych 101 > Test 2: Emotion and Motivation > Flashcards

Test 2: Emotion and Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

Emotion

A

a state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies towards action, all shaped by cultural rules.

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2
Q

Primary emotions

A

considered universal and biologically based

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3
Q

What are the primary emotions?

A

Fear, anger, sadness, joy, surprise, disgust, (contempt)

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4
Q

Secondary emotions

A

develop with cognitive maturity and vary across individuals and cultures

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5
Q

What’s an example of a secondary emotion?

A

One may feel ashamed for feeling sad or angry about something

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6
Q

Facial Feedback

A

facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed.

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7
Q

Example of facial feedback

A

When told to smile/hold pencil in teeth, positive feelings increase

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8
Q

Darwin’s Theory on Facial Expression

A

facial expressions evolved to communicate our emotional states to others and to provoke response from them.

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9
Q

Babies’ expressions have survival value

A
  • Parents can tell what infants need
  • All adults feel connected when infant smiles at them
  • Babies will mimic parents facial expressions/moods
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10
Q

Mood contagion

A

facial expressions of emotion can actually generate emotions in others

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11
Q

See picture of specific facial expressions and your own facial muscles mimic the ones you are observing, activating similar emotional states for you….is an example of what?

A

Mood contagion

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12
Q

Fast emotional response

A

Stimulus -> Thalamus -> Amygdala -> response

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13
Q

Slow emotional response

A

Stimulus -> Thalamus -> Cortex -> Amygdala -> response

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14
Q

Slow pathway of fear

A

Sensory info goes from thalamus, to cortex, to amygdala. Cortex conducts full scale investigation of info and its importance. Cortex sends message to amygdala to either maintain or decrease fear response

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15
Q

Fast pathway of fear

A

Amygdala gets info from thalamus directly and makes a fast and simple decision.

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16
Q

Primary emotions have unique…

A

hormone levels and cortex activation patterns

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17
Q

Lie detector test

A
  • Based on assumption that a lie involves emotion and increased autonomic arousal
  • Detects increased HR, respiration rate, electrical conductance of skin
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18
Q

Lie detectors are still generally invalid because….

A
  • No pattern of physiological arousal is specific to lying (could be anger, nervousness, etc.)
  • People can “beat the test” by thinking about something exciting or tensing muscles during neutral questions
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19
Q

Greek Philosophers said:

A

People don’t become angry, sad, or anxious because of actual events, but because of their explanations of those events.

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20
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

stimuli trigger activity in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain.

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21
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

a stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the ANS and emotional experience in the brain.

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22
Q

Two-factor theory (Schachter-Singer)

A

emotions are inferences about the causes of undifferentiated physiological arousal.
-Two factors: physiological response + cognitive interpretation

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23
Q

Our feelings depend on our interpretation/perception of a situation

A

Do poorly on an exam: 1. feel guilty b/c you didn’t study 2. feel angry b/c it was a difficult test 3. feel happy b/c want to fail out of school to join the circus

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24
Q

William James:

A

The paradox of the athlete who is “shamed to death” for coming in second place (but not 3rd)

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25
Q

Cognitive appraisals

A

One’s interpretation of a situation.

-May be immediate perception OR general philosophy of life.

26
Q

You can change your feelings about something by ______ it.

A

reappraising

27
Q

The basis for cognitive therapy

A

reappraisal

28
Q

Emotional Regulation

A

the use of cognitive and behavioral strategies to influence one’s emotional experience. Usually an attempt to turn negative emotions to positive ones.

29
Q

Behavioral emotional regulation

A

avoid people, do distracting activities, take medications

30
Q

Cognitive emotional regulation

A

try not to think about it, reappraisals (change one’s emotional experience by changing the meaning of the emotion-eliciting stimuli)

31
Q

Research suggests primary emotions are relatively _______ but likelihood of secondary emotions differ across cultures

A

universal

32
Q

People are better at identifying emotions expressed by others in their OWN….

A

ethnic, national, or regional group

33
Q

Display rules

A

social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or must suppress) emotions.

34
Q

Emotion Work

A

expression of an emotion that the person does not really feel, often because of a role requirement.
-You appear happy at a wedding when you are really feeling jealous

35
Q

Some nonverbal cues are relatively universal

A

Depressed: head down
Proud: head up

36
Q

Hedonic principle

A

the notion that all people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain (Aristotle).

37
Q

Motivation

A

a process within a person or animal that causes movement either toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation.
-Food, love, sex, achievement

38
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

the desire to do something for its own sake and the pleasure it brings

  • Play piano for the joy music gives you
  • More likely to work harder and more creatively
39
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

the desire to pursue a goal for external rewards

-Play piano for fame and money

40
Q

Ghrelin

A

tells the brain to switch hunger “on”.

41
Q

Leptin

A

tells the brain to switch hunger “off”.

42
Q

Lateral Hypothalamus

A

increases eating (hunger center).

43
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus

A

stops eating (satiety center).

44
Q

Weight set point

A

Biologically set weight that you remain at when not trying to gain or loose weight
-Fluctuates by 10% up or down

45
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

rate the body burns calories for energy

46
Q

Twin studies suggest _____ is highly heritable

A

body weight

47
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

characterized by binge eating followed by purging.

-Cycle of trying to reduce negative emotions

48
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

characterized by an intense fear of being fat and severe restriction of food intake.
-Most recover but may have severe health implications

49
Q

Depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, perfectionism, distorted body image, drug use, perceived pressure to lose weight are associated with….

A

Eating Disorders

50
Q

Passionate Love

A

a turmoil of emotions and sexual passion

51
Q

Companionate Love

A

based on affection and trust

52
Q

Proximity

A

you love the ones nearest to you

53
Q

Similarity

A

you love the ones most like you

-Looks, attitudes, beliefs, values, personality, interests

54
Q

Two factors that affect love

A

Proximity and Similarity

55
Q

Secure love

A

rarely jealous or worried about being abandoned (64%)

56
Q

Avoidant love

A

distrust and avoid intimate attachments

57
Q

Anxious-Ambivalent love

A

agitated about relationships, want to be close but worry partner will leave them, clingy, more unrequited love

58
Q

Attachment Theory of Love

A

Emotional dynamics of adult romantic relationship are governed by same systems that govern the infant-caregiver relationship

59
Q

3 component of love

A

Passion, Intimacy, Commitment

60
Q

Passion (more biological) often subsides as ____ increases

A

intimacy

61
Q

Intamacy

A

based on deep knowledge of a person that accumulates over time

Psych 101 (19 decks)

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