Test 2: Consciousness, Sleep, Drugs Flashcards
Consciousness
the person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind.
Dynamic Unconscious
an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, deepest instinct and desires, and an inner struggle to control these forces (Sigmund Freud).
Repression
a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness.
Freudian Unconscious
- dynamic unconscious
- repression
- Freudian slips
Cognitive Unconscious
the mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person.
Subliminal perception
a thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving
Circadian Rythm
a biological rhythm with a period of about 24 hours
Beta waves
alert, awake
Alpha waves
relaxation, drowsy
Stage 1 sleep
theta waves, light sleep
Stage 2 sleep
minor noises probably won’t disturb you
Stage 3 sleep
delta waves
Stage 4 sleep
delta waves, deepest stage of sleep, shake to wake, HR slowed, muscles relaxed, may sleep walk
REM stage sleep
stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity, dreaming. HR and BP increase, sexual arousal, body muscles are still (except for eyes)
Which stage of sleep is especially crucial for normal functioning?
REM
Sleep provides “time out” for body to replenish…
- Eliminate waste from muscles
- Strengthen immune system
- Repair cells throughout body
____ is essential for memory consolidation and problem solving skills
Sleep
Insomnia
difficulty in falling or staying asleep
Sleep apnea
a person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.
- Causes many awakenings during night
- Detected by spouse most often
Somnambulism
occurs when a person arises and walks around while asleep (sleepwalking).
-Safe to wake them
Narcolepsy
sudden REM sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities.
- Degradation of hypothalamus neurons
- Influenced by genetics
- Treated effectively with meds
Night/sleep terrors
abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal (sleep terrors).
-Non REM sleep
REM Behavior Disorder
don’t have muscle paralysis that usually occurs in REM so people “act out” their dreams.
Five general characteristics of dreams
- Intense emotion
- Thought is illogical
- Sensations are fully formed
- Uncritical acceptance
- Difficulty remembering
Nightmares
- Average college student has 24/year
- More common in children and adults who have experienced trauma
Mundane Dreams
- Reflect prior day experiences (day residue)
- Things we are concerned about
- Images of recent past
Freud Dream Theory
Freud felt that dreams represent (suppressed) wishes, some unacceptable.
Manifest content
what we consciously experience
Latent content
hidden meaning, the unconscious wishes being expressed symbolically
Problem-focused approach
Dreams represent waking concerns and opportunities to resolve them.
Activation-synthesis model
- Dreams are generated when the cortex tries to make sense of random brainstem signals/neuron firing.
- Cortex attempts to synthesize or integrate signals with existing knowledge and memories to produce a coherent interpretation.
Drug addiction is a mindbug:
inability to look past the immediate consequences of our behaviors.
Rats will work for drugs, studies show…
90% die after 30 days of self-administered cocaine
Psychoactive drug
a chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by altering the brain’s chemical message system.
Drug tolerance
the tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect.
Depressants
substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system (alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, toxic inhalants)
Short-term effects of depressants
Euphoria, reduced anxiety, slurred speech, poor judgment, delayed reaction
Long-term effects of depressants
cardiovascular and liver disease, pancreatitis, malabsorption, cancer, damage to CNS & PNS, impaired memory, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
Stimulants
substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels (caffeine, amphetamines (Adderall), nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy).
Short-term effects of stimulants
euphoria, wakefulness, energetic, anxious, irritable, increased body temp, HR, BP, confusion, muscle spasms, blurred vision, fibrillation, stroke, seizure
Long-term effects of stimulants
paranoia, violent behavior, psychosis/weight loss, insomnia, cardiac or cardiovascular complications
Narcotics/opiates
highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain (heroin, morphine, methadone, codeine).
Short-term effects of narcotics/opiates
feeling of well-being, stupor, lethargy, impaired coordination, confusion, nausea, dizziness, heavy body feeling, slowed or arrested breathing, constipation
Long-term effects of narcotics/opiates
cardiac and cardiovascular difficulties, liver disease, pneumonia, hepatitis, HIV, fatal overdose
endorphins/endogenous opiates
natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure to opiates and that appear to play a role in how the brain copes internally with pain and stress.
Hallucinogens
drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations (LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, PCP, ketamine).
Short-term effects of hallucinogens
feeling of being separate from one’s body, impaired motor function, anxiety, tremors, numbness, memory loss, nausea,
Long-term effects of hallucinogens
flashbacks, mood swings, impaired thinking, violent outbursts, depression, psychosis
Marijuana
the leaves and buds of the hemp plant that produces a mildly hallucinogenic intoxication.
Short-term effects of marijuana
mild hallucinations, euphoria, heightened sense of sight/sound, perception of rush of ideas, decreases ST memory and learning, impairs motor skills and coordination, increase HR, appetite, and anxiety, panic attacks
Long-term effects of marijuana
respiratory problems, memory, mental health decline
