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Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

3 phases of folliculogenesis:

A

Recruitment
Selection
Dominance

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2
Q

Folliculogenesis phase: increased FSH, decreased LH, no inhibin

A

Recruitment

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3
Q

Folliculogenesis phase: moderate FSH, moderate LH, decreased inhibin

A

Selection

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4
Q

Folliculogenesis phase: decreased FSH, increased LH, increased inhibin

A

Dominance

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5
Q

The pool of possible ovulatory follicles is reduced really at ____ different levels for each follicular wave

A

Four

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6
Q

Only waves which see decreased ________ can result in actual ovulation of dominant follicles

A

Progesterone

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7
Q

2-cell, 2-gonadotropin theory

A

Estrogen synthesis

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8
Q

Production of a mature oocyte

A

Oogenesis

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9
Q

4 phases of oogenesis

A

Mitotic division of primordial germ cells
Nuclear arrest
Cytoplasmic growth
Resumption of meiosis

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10
Q

Division

A

Mitosis

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11
Q

Mitosis stages

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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12
Q

Reduction

A

Meiosis

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13
Q

Oocyte growth is dependent on ___ ________ between oocyte and Granulosal cells

A

Gap junctions

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14
Q

Span the zona pellucida to provide signals and nutrients to the develop by oocyte

A

Gap junctions

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15
Q

At __ _______, gap junctions are broken down

A

LH surge

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16
Q

Results from cascade of events following LH surge
Involves destruction of follicular tissue

A

Ovulation

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17
Q

Ovulation is brought about by 3 primary things:

A

Increased blood flow
Breakdown of connective tissue
Ovarian contractions

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18
Q

2 types of ovulators:

A

Spontaneous
Induced

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19
Q

Require tactile stimulation of vagina or cervix for ovulation to occur

A

Induced ovulator

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20
Q

3 steps of reproductive behavior in females:

A

Attractivity
Proceptivity
Receptivity

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21
Q

Behaviors and signals to attract males

A

Attractivity

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22
Q

Attractivity characteristics

A

Postures
Vocalization
Increased physical activity
Chemical cues - pheromones
Attracts male to approach

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23
Q

Behaviors exhibited by the female that stimulate the male to copulate or reinitiate sexual behavior after copulation

A

Proceptivity

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24
Q

Proceptivity characteristics

A

Head butting of male
Mounting male
Females riding other females

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25
Copulatory behavior of females that ensure insemination
Receptivity
26
Characteristics of receptivity
Immobility or standing response Tail deviation Backing up toward male
27
Animal curls upper lip, closing nostrils and causing vacuum in nasopalatine duct This allows fluids containing pheromones to enter vomeronasal organ
Flehmen behavior
28
Ion channel regulator is involved in process
TRP2
29
2 different attractions in boar:
Boar odor Musk-like odor
30
Secretion of preputial pouch
Boar odor
31
Saliva 3alpha 5alpha
Musk-like odor
32
Androsterol
3alpha
33
Androtenone
5alpha
34
Erection requires:
Increased arterial blood flow Decreased venous blood outflow Increased penile pressure Relaxation of retractor penis muscles
35
Cerebral + spinal Arousal driven - need enough sensory stimuli for central nervous system to be stimulated
Nervous component
36
A cavity or sac, dilated part of blood vessel
Sinus
37
Reservoirs for blood in cavernous tissue of penis
Corporal sinusoids
38
Produce norepinephrine Maintains vasoconstriction in flaccid state
Adrenergic neurons
39
Produce nitric oxide Causes vasodilation in erect state
Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons
40
Inhibits phosphodiesterases
Sildenafil
41
Types of copulators
Short Intermediate Sustained
42
Short copulators
Ram Bull
43
Intermediate copulator
Stallion
44
Sustained copulator
Boar
45
Movement of seminal fluids from accessory sex glands into pelvic urethra to mix with sperm
Emission
46
Steps of ejaculation
Intromission Stimulation of glans penis Forceful muscle contraction Expulsion of semen
47
You can enhance reproductive behavior of a male by
Introducing novel stimulus Changing stimulus settings
48
Mating behavior can be restored in a sexually satiated male by introduction of a novel female
Coolidge effect
49
Methods to sexually prepare a male to increase the number of sperm per ejaculste
False mounting Restraint Combination of these
50
As soon as the Mae praying mantis mounts the female and accomplishes intermission, the female
Bites his head off
51
In what insect is ejaculation permanently inhibited in the male and can take place only after the head has been removed
Praying mantis
52
What species shoot love darts at one another before compilation to determine if they are both members of the same species
Roman snails
53
Male insects (certain flies and mosquitoes) have a sharp, specialized penis that can enter a
Pupa
54
What animal needs to be chases because the female will not ovulate without it
Grey squirrel
55
Male behaviors
Precopulatory Copulatory Postcopulatory
56
Precopulatory male behavior
Search for sexual partner Courtship Sexual arousal Erection Penile protrusion
57
Copulatory male behavior
Mounting Intromission Ejaculation
58
Postcopulatory male behavior
Dismount Refractory period Memory
59
Neural pathway (lordosis response)
1. Sensory 2. Hypothalamus 3. Midbrain 4. Medulla 5. Spinal cord
60
Visual Olfactory Auditory Tactile
Sensory
61
Estrogen receptors Neurons produce behavior specific peptides
Hypothalamus
62
Receiving zone for hypothalamic peptides Speeds up impulses
Midbrain
63
Integrates postural adaptation for lordosis and mounting
Medulla
64
Generates signals to specific muscles for lordosis for mounting
Spinal cord
65
Grow and regresses and cause nymphomania and short cycles Increase LH levels to make cysts ovulate
Follicular cysts
66
LH induced luteinization of follicle wall, high levels of progesterone are produced and anestrus occurs
Luteal cysts

Repro (12 decks)

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