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Repro > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

3 phases of folliculogenesis:

A

Recruitment
Selection
Dominance

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2
Q

Folliculogenesis phase: increased FSH, decreased LH, no inhibin

A

Recruitment

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3
Q

Folliculogenesis phase: moderate FSH, moderate LH, decreased inhibin

A

Selection

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4
Q

Folliculogenesis phase: decreased FSH, increased LH, increased inhibin

A

Dominance

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5
Q

The pool of possible ovulatory follicles is reduced really at ____ different levels for each follicular wave

A

Four

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6
Q

Only waves which see decreased ________ can result in actual ovulation of dominant follicles

A

Progesterone

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7
Q

2-cell, 2-gonadotropin theory

A

Estrogen synthesis

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8
Q

Production of a mature oocyte

A

Oogenesis

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9
Q

4 phases of oogenesis

A

Mitotic division of primordial germ cells
Nuclear arrest
Cytoplasmic growth
Resumption of meiosis

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10
Q

Division

A

Mitosis

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11
Q

Mitosis stages

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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12
Q

Reduction

A

Meiosis

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13
Q

Oocyte growth is dependent on ___ ________ between oocyte and Granulosal cells

A

Gap junctions

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14
Q

Span the zona pellucida to provide signals and nutrients to the develop by oocyte

A

Gap junctions

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15
Q

At __ _______, gap junctions are broken down

A

LH surge

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16
Q

Results from cascade of events following LH surge
Involves destruction of follicular tissue

A

Ovulation

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17
Q

Ovulation is brought about by 3 primary things:

A

Increased blood flow
Breakdown of connective tissue
Ovarian contractions

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18
Q

2 types of ovulators:

A

Spontaneous
Induced

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19
Q

Require tactile stimulation of vagina or cervix for ovulation to occur

A

Induced ovulator

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20
Q

3 steps of reproductive behavior in females:

A

Attractivity
Proceptivity
Receptivity

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21
Q

Behaviors and signals to attract males

A

Attractivity

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22
Q

Attractivity characteristics

A

Postures
Vocalization
Increased physical activity
Chemical cues - pheromones
Attracts male to approach

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23
Q

Behaviors exhibited by the female that stimulate the male to copulate or reinitiate sexual behavior after copulation

A

Proceptivity

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24
Q

Proceptivity characteristics

A

Head butting of male
Mounting male
Females riding other females

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25
Q

Copulatory behavior of females that ensure insemination

A

Receptivity

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26
Q

Characteristics of receptivity

A

Immobility or standing response
Tail deviation
Backing up toward male

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27
Q

Animal curls upper lip, closing nostrils and causing vacuum in nasopalatine duct
This allows fluids containing pheromones to enter vomeronasal organ

A

Flehmen behavior

28
Q

Ion channel regulator is involved in process

A

TRP2

29
Q

2 different attractions in boar:

A

Boar odor
Musk-like odor

30
Q

Secretion of preputial pouch

A

Boar odor

31
Q

Saliva
3alpha
5alpha

A

Musk-like odor

32
Q

Androsterol

A

3alpha

33
Q

Androtenone

A

5alpha

34
Q

Erection requires:

A

Increased arterial blood flow
Decreased venous blood outflow
Increased penile pressure
Relaxation of retractor penis muscles

35
Q

Cerebral + spinal
Arousal driven - need enough sensory stimuli for central nervous system to be stimulated

A

Nervous component

36
Q

A cavity or sac, dilated part of blood vessel

A

Sinus

37
Q

Reservoirs for blood in cavernous tissue of penis

A

Corporal sinusoids

38
Q

Produce norepinephrine
Maintains vasoconstriction in flaccid state

A

Adrenergic neurons

39
Q

Produce nitric oxide
Causes vasodilation in erect state

A

Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons

40
Q

Inhibits phosphodiesterases

A

Sildenafil

41
Q

Types of copulators

A

Short
Intermediate
Sustained

42
Q

Short copulators

A

Ram
Bull

43
Q

Intermediate copulator

A

Stallion

44
Q

Sustained copulator

A

Boar

45
Q

Movement of seminal fluids from accessory sex glands into pelvic urethra to mix with sperm

A

Emission

46
Q

Steps of ejaculation

A

Intromission
Stimulation of glans penis
Forceful muscle contraction
Expulsion of semen

47
Q

You can enhance reproductive behavior of a male by

A

Introducing novel stimulus
Changing stimulus settings

48
Q

Mating behavior can be restored in a sexually satiated male by introduction of a novel female

A

Coolidge effect

49
Q

Methods to sexually prepare a male to increase the number of sperm per ejaculste

A

False mounting
Restraint
Combination of these

50
Q

As soon as the Mae praying mantis mounts the female and accomplishes intermission, the female

A

Bites his head off

51
Q

In what insect is ejaculation permanently inhibited in the male and can take place only after the head has been removed

A

Praying mantis

52
Q

What species shoot love darts at one another before compilation to determine if they are both members of the same species

A

Roman snails

53
Q

Male insects (certain flies and mosquitoes) have a sharp, specialized penis that can enter a

A

Pupa

54
Q

What animal needs to be chases because the female will not ovulate without it

A

Grey squirrel

55
Q

Male behaviors

A

Precopulatory
Copulatory
Postcopulatory

56
Q

Precopulatory male behavior

A

Search for sexual partner
Courtship
Sexual arousal
Erection
Penile protrusion

57
Q

Copulatory male behavior

A

Mounting
Intromission
Ejaculation

58
Q

Postcopulatory male behavior

A

Dismount
Refractory period
Memory

59
Q

Neural pathway (lordosis response)

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Midbrain
  4. Medulla
  5. Spinal cord
60
Q

Visual
Olfactory
Auditory
Tactile

A

Sensory

61
Q

Estrogen receptors
Neurons produce behavior specific peptides

A

Hypothalamus

62
Q

Receiving zone for hypothalamic peptides
Speeds up impulses

A

Midbrain

63
Q

Integrates postural adaptation for lordosis and mounting

A

Medulla

64
Q

Generates signals to specific muscles for lordosis for mounting

A

Spinal cord

65
Q

Grow and regresses and cause nymphomania and short cycles
Increase LH levels to make cysts ovulate

A

Follicular cysts

66
Q

LH induced luteinization of follicle wall, high levels of progesterone are produced and anestrus occurs

A

Luteal cysts

Repro (12 decks)

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