Repro Quiz 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Male Repro system is a __ step manufacturing process
A
5
2
Q
Male Repro system products
A
Fertile spermatozoa
3
Q
Male Repro system efficiency depends upon
A
Hormones and secretory products
4
Q
3 sections of epididymis
A
Caput (head), corpus (body), cauda (tail)
5
Q
Provides the environment for final maturation of spermatozoa and serves as a storage organ for these cells
A
Epididymis
6
Q
Warehouse and shipping center
Storage of fertile spermatozoa before ejaculation
Smooth muscle contractions
A
Tail of epididymis
7
Q
Final alterations and packaging
Secretes substances into pelvic urethra
A
Accessory sex glands
8
Q
Fluid from tail of epididymis and accessory sex glands
Liquid, non-cellular portion of semen
A
Seminal plasma
9
Q
Manufacturing and assembly
Primary reproductive organs
A
Testes
10
Q
Finishing shops
Fluid absorption
Motility
A
Head and body of epididymis
11
Q
Sperm undergo changes to become fertile
A
Capacitation
12
Q
6 basic components of the male reproductive system
A
Spermatic cord, scrotum, testis, excurrent duct system, accessory sex glands, penis and muscles
13
Q
Excurrent duct system
A
Efferent ducts, epididymis, ductus deferens
14
Q
Suspends testis in scrotum
Extends from inguinal ring to dorsal pole of testis
A
Spermatic cord
15
Q
Spermatic cord is the most highly developed in ____ and _____. (Pendulous scrotum)
A
Rams and bulls
16
Q
4 components housed by spermatic cord
A
Testicular vasculature, lymphatics, and nerves
Ductus deferens
Cremaster muscle
Pampiniform plexus
17
Q
Connect to body
A
Testicular vasculature, lymphatics and nerves
18
Q
Sperm transport
A
Ductus deferens
19
Q
Supports testes
Aids in testicular temperature control
Follows length of spermatic cord
Striated muscle
A
Cremaster muscle
20
Q
Heat exchanger - specialized vascular network
Temperature control of testis
Important for successful manufacture of spermatozoa
A
Pampiniform plexus
21
Q
Spermatic artery and spermatic vein
In body and dorsal portion of spermatic cord
A
Uncoiled
22
Q
Spermatic artery and spermatic vein
Ventral portion of spermatic cord - close to testis
A
Coiled
23
Q
Warm blood of body (spermatic artery) -> cooler blood leaving surface of testis (spermatic vein)
A
Heat transfer
24
Q
Blood entering testis is “pulseless”
A
Pulse pressure eliminator
25
Animals without a scrotum - tested remain internalized
Birds, elephants, sloths, armadillos, whales, dolphins
26
Mammals that have testis inside and outside of the body cavity
Rats, rabbits
27
Temperature regulation less important in the _______ position
Retroperitoneal
28
2-lobed sack
Acts as a thermosensor, radiator, and protective sac
Scrotum
29
4 layers of scrotum
Skin, tunica dartos, scrotal fascia, parietal tunica vaginalis
30
Many sweat glands which are innervated with sympathetic nerves
Skin
31
Increased body or scrotal temperature =
Hypothalamus triggers sweat glands
32
Cool scrotum and testes by evaporative heat transfer
Sweat glands
33
Many thermosensitive nerves
Highly developed neural pathway between scrotum and respiratory center in brain
Scrotal skin
34
Mesh-like smooth muscle layer beneath scrotal skin
Degree of contraction dependent on scrotal skin temperature
Smooth muscle
Tunica dartos
35
Testes produce 3 things
Spermatozoa, hormones and proteins, fluids
36
4 components of testis
Testicular capsule, parenchyma, mediastinum, rete tubules
37
2-layered covering of testis
Testicular capsule
38
Testicular capsule layers
Visceral tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea
39
Connective tissue capsule
Sends finger-like projections into mediastinum
Tunica albuginea
40
Cellular mass of a gland or organ that is supported by a network of connective tissue
Parenchyma
41
Components of testicular parenchyma
Seminiferous tubules, leydig cells, capillaries, lymphatic vessels, connective tissue
42
Tubular compartment consists of ______ ______
Seminiferous tubules
43
Microscopic-form highly convoluted loops
Ends join with rete tubules
Spermatogenesis
Seminiferous tubules
44
Components of tubular compartment
Seminiferous epithelium, Sertoli cells, developing germ cells, peritubular cells
45
Basal and adluminal compartment
Seminiferous epithelium
46
Secrete fluid for sperm transport
Cellular “governors” of spermatogenesis
Sertoli cells
47
Speematogonia primary and secondary spermatocytes spermatids
Developing germ cells
48
Contractile for sperm transport
Peritubular cells
49
Many Sertoli cells =
Many sperm
50
Seminiferous epithelium cells
Only somatic cells
51
Sertoli cells secrete
Androgen binding protein, sulfated glycoproteins, tranferrin, inhibin
52
Testosterone transport
Androgen binding protein
53
Fertility Acquisition
Sulfated glycoproteins
54
Ion transport for spermatogenesis
transferrin
55
Suppresses FSH
Inhibin
56
Sertoli cells attached by specialized junctions
Tight junctions
57
Sertoli cells secretions separate ___ and _____ compartments
Basal and adluminal
58
Spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes
Basal
59
Primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids — borders lumen
Adluminal
60
Central connective tissue core — houses rete tubules (testes)
Prevents collapse or compression of duct system within testis
Mediastinum
61
Sperm transport
Rete tubules
62
E current duct system composed of
Efferent ducts, epididymis, duct deferens
63
Boar and stallion seminal plasma
Possesses coagulation properties
Plugs female reproductive tract
64
Why is seminal plasma important in natural insemination
Provides fluid for sperm transport
65
Seminal plasma is produced by
Epididymis, ampulla, vesicular glands, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland)
66
Enlargement of ductus deferens
Hard to see in boar
Ampulla
67
Large proportion of ejaculate in boar and bull
Vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)
68
Bill and ram vesicular gland shape
Lobulated
69
Boar vesicular gland shape
Well developed
70
Stallion vesicular gland shape
Elongated, hollow patches
71
Between bladder and pelvic urethra
Prostate gland
72
Corpus prostate heart shaped
Boar
73
Corpus prostate H-shaped
Stallion
74
Disseminate prostate ram
Entirely disseminate
75
Disseminate prostate boar
Major portion of prostate gland
76
Disseminate prostate bill
2 forms, corpus prostate near neck of bladder
77
Small and ovoid dense connective tissue
Bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland)
78
Bulbourethral gland: ram, bull, stallion
Small and buried under bulbospongiosus muscle
79
Bulbourethral gland: boar
Large and fibrous, produce gel portion of semen
80
Accessory sex glands dependent upon
Testosterone
81
Copulatory organ
Penis
82
Penis is composed of
Base, shaft, glans penis, crus penis
83
Shaft of penis: bulls, boars, rams
Sigmoid flexure: s-shaped configuration
84
Maintains sigmoid flexure
Retractor penis muscle
85
Contains spongy, erectile tissue
Corpus cavernosum
86
Spongy, erectile tissue near penile urethra
Corpus spongiosum
87
Specialized distal end
Many sensory nerves
Glans penis
88
Start of corpus capunosa
Arteries are internal, veins exterior
Crus penis
89
Muscles associated with pelvic urethra and penis
Urethralis, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, retractor penis
90
Surrounds urethra
Helps move things along through the urethra
Urethralis
91
Starts at root and extends down the cauda/ventral surface
Bulbospongiosus
92
Base of penis
Largest muscle
Ischiocavernosus
93
Temperature for spermatogenesis to occur
3-5 degrees Celsius less than body temp
94
Lack of testis descent into scrotum and thus thermoregulation is absent
Cyptorchidism
95
Cyptorchidism: Bilateral
Sterile
No spermatogenesis
Testosterone is produced
96
Cryprorchidism: unilateral
Fertile
Reduce sperm producing capacity
97
Cryptorchidism: Testis decent occurs late
Common in boars and stallions
98
Time of testicular descent: bull
100-105 days
99
Time of testicular descent: boar
100-110 days
100
Which of the following is transferred via counter-current exchange within the Pampiniform plexus of the spermatic cord?
A. Follicle stimulating hormone
B. Testosterone
C. Heat (temperature)
D. Both A and B
E. Both B and C
E
101
Which of the following would NOT be part of the scrotum?
A. External cremaster muscle
B. Tunica dartos muscle
C. Parietal vaginal tunic
D. Both A and C
E. Both B and C
A
102
Which of the following would NOT be a function of seminal plasma?
A. Transport media
B. Stimulates speed quiescence (inactivity)
C. Culture media
D. Retards speed capacitation
E. Both B and D
B
103
Which of the following would be characteristic of the boar reproductive tract?
A. Corrupts and disseminate prostate gland
B. A distinct ampulla
C. Sigmoid flexure
D. Both A and C
E. Both B and C
D
104
Which of the following cell types would be found within the interstitial compartment of the testis?
A. Spermatogonia
B. Myoid (peritubular) cells
C. Leydig cells
D. Both B and C
E. All of the above
C
105
True or False: peristaltic contractions produced by the cauda epididymis can be increase upon sexual excitement of the male
True
106
True or False: the tunica dartos muscle is comprised of skeletal (striated) muscle whereas the external cremaster muscle is composed of smooth muscle
False
107
True or False: semen from the stallion is fractionated
True
108
True or false: as a general rule, species with smaller ejaculated typically have a higher sperm concentration
True
109
True or false: a bull with bilateral cryptorchidism would be unable to produce testosterone normally
False
110
Tall columnar with sterocilia
Caput epididymis
111
Sweat glands
Scrotal skin
112
Leydig cells
Interstitial compartment
113
Primary spermatocyte
Tubular compartment
114
Secretory glands
Prostate
115
Contractions of this muscle puts pressure on the Cruz penis, compressing veins and promoting the erection process
Ischiocavernosus muscle
116
Contractions of this muscle increases pumping action of the Pampiniform plexus, promoting increased cooling efficiency of the testis
External cremaster muscle
117
Contractions of this muscle maintains the sigmoid flexure, preventing the erection process
Retractor penis muscle
118
Contractions of this muscle causes movement of urine or semen through the penile urethra
Urethralis muscle
119
Contractions of this muscle allows the testis to be moved closer to the body cavity during colder temperatures
Tunica dartos muscle
120
True or false: the spongy, erectile tissue located near the penile urethra is called the corpus cavernosum
False
121
True or false: the termosensitive neurons that stimulate panting in the ram during elevated temperature are located in the hypothalamus
False
122
True or false: A male that has bilateral cryptorchidism would be sterile and able to produce testosterone
True
123
Urethralis muscle
Pelvic urethra
124
Counter-current heat exchange
Pampiniform plexus
125
Sigmoid flexure location
Shaft of penis
126
Sensory nerves location
Glans penis
127
Mediastinum location
Testis
128
Which of the following are produced by Sertoli cells?
A. Inhibin
B. Sulfated glycoproteins
C. Testosterone
D. Both A and B
E. All of the above
D
129
Which of the following are methods by which speed are moved out of the testis?
A. Pressure produced by smooth muscle properties of the testicular parenchyma
B. Contractions of myoid (peritubular) cells
C. Water absorption by the rete tubules, drawing sperm away from testis
D. Both A and B
E. All of the above
B
130
Which of the following would NOT be a function of the epididymis?
A. Sperm transport
B. Sperm concentration
C. Sperm maturation
D. Both B and C
E. None of the above
E
131
Which of the following cell types would be found within the tubular compartment of the testis?
A. Round spermatid
B. Sertoli cells
C. Myoid (peritubular) cells
D. Both A and B
E. All of the above
E
