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Repro > Repro Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Repro Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Male Repro system is a __ step manufacturing process

A

5

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2
Q

Male Repro system products

A

Fertile spermatozoa

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3
Q

Male Repro system efficiency depends upon

A

Hormones and secretory products

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4
Q

3 sections of epididymis

A

Caput (head), corpus (body), cauda (tail)

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5
Q

Provides the environment for final maturation of spermatozoa and serves as a storage organ for these cells

A

Epididymis

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6
Q

Warehouse and shipping center
Storage of fertile spermatozoa before ejaculation
Smooth muscle contractions

A

Tail of epididymis

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7
Q

Final alterations and packaging
Secretes substances into pelvic urethra

A

Accessory sex glands

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8
Q

Fluid from tail of epididymis and accessory sex glands
Liquid, non-cellular portion of semen

A

Seminal plasma

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9
Q

Manufacturing and assembly
Primary reproductive organs

A

Testes

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10
Q

Finishing shops
Fluid absorption
Motility

A

Head and body of epididymis

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11
Q

Sperm undergo changes to become fertile

A

Capacitation

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12
Q

6 basic components of the male reproductive system

A

Spermatic cord, scrotum, testis, excurrent duct system, accessory sex glands, penis and muscles

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13
Q

Excurrent duct system

A

Efferent ducts, epididymis, ductus deferens

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14
Q

Suspends testis in scrotum
Extends from inguinal ring to dorsal pole of testis

A

Spermatic cord

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15
Q

Spermatic cord is the most highly developed in ____ and _____. (Pendulous scrotum)

A

Rams and bulls

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16
Q

4 components housed by spermatic cord

A

Testicular vasculature, lymphatics, and nerves
Ductus deferens
Cremaster muscle
Pampiniform plexus

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17
Q

Connect to body

A

Testicular vasculature, lymphatics and nerves

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18
Q

Sperm transport

A

Ductus deferens

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19
Q

Supports testes
Aids in testicular temperature control
Follows length of spermatic cord
Striated muscle

A

Cremaster muscle

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20
Q

Heat exchanger - specialized vascular network
Temperature control of testis
Important for successful manufacture of spermatozoa

A

Pampiniform plexus

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21
Q

Spermatic artery and spermatic vein
In body and dorsal portion of spermatic cord

A

Uncoiled

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22
Q

Spermatic artery and spermatic vein
Ventral portion of spermatic cord - close to testis

A

Coiled

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23
Q

Warm blood of body (spermatic artery) -> cooler blood leaving surface of testis (spermatic vein)

A

Heat transfer

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24
Q

Blood entering testis is “pulseless”

A

Pulse pressure eliminator

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25
Q

Animals without a scrotum - tested remain internalized

A

Birds, elephants, sloths, armadillos, whales, dolphins

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26
Q

Mammals that have testis inside and outside of the body cavity

A

Rats, rabbits

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27
Q

Temperature regulation less important in the _______ position

A

Retroperitoneal

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28
Q

2-lobed sack
Acts as a thermosensor, radiator, and protective sac

A

Scrotum

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29
Q

4 layers of scrotum

A

Skin, tunica dartos, scrotal fascia, parietal tunica vaginalis

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30
Q

Many sweat glands which are innervated with sympathetic nerves

A

Skin

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31
Q

Increased body or scrotal temperature =

A

Hypothalamus triggers sweat glands

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32
Q

Cool scrotum and testes by evaporative heat transfer

A

Sweat glands

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33
Q

Many thermosensitive nerves
Highly developed neural pathway between scrotum and respiratory center in brain

A

Scrotal skin

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34
Q

Mesh-like smooth muscle layer beneath scrotal skin
Degree of contraction dependent on scrotal skin temperature
Smooth muscle

A

Tunica dartos

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35
Q

Testes produce 3 things

A

Spermatozoa, hormones and proteins, fluids

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36
Q

4 components of testis

A

Testicular capsule, parenchyma, mediastinum, rete tubules

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37
Q

2-layered covering of testis

A

Testicular capsule

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38
Q

Testicular capsule layers

A

Visceral tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

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39
Q

Connective tissue capsule
Sends finger-like projections into mediastinum

A

Tunica albuginea

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40
Q

Cellular mass of a gland or organ that is supported by a network of connective tissue

A

Parenchyma

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41
Q

Components of testicular parenchyma

A

Seminiferous tubules, leydig cells, capillaries, lymphatic vessels, connective tissue

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42
Q

Tubular compartment consists of ______ ______

A

Seminiferous tubules

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43
Q

Microscopic-form highly convoluted loops
Ends join with rete tubules
Spermatogenesis

A

Seminiferous tubules

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44
Q

Components of tubular compartment

A

Seminiferous epithelium, Sertoli cells, developing germ cells, peritubular cells

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45
Q

Basal and adluminal compartment

A

Seminiferous epithelium

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46
Q

Secrete fluid for sperm transport
Cellular “governors” of spermatogenesis

A

Sertoli cells

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47
Q

Speematogonia primary and secondary spermatocytes spermatids

A

Developing germ cells

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48
Q

Contractile for sperm transport

A

Peritubular cells

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49
Q

Many Sertoli cells =

A

Many sperm

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50
Q

Seminiferous epithelium cells

A

Only somatic cells

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51
Q

Sertoli cells secrete

A

Androgen binding protein, sulfated glycoproteins, tranferrin, inhibin

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52
Q

Testosterone transport

A

Androgen binding protein

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53
Q

Fertility Acquisition

A

Sulfated glycoproteins

54
Q

Ion transport for spermatogenesis

A

transferrin

55
Q

Suppresses FSH

A

Inhibin

56
Q

Sertoli cells attached by specialized junctions

A

Tight junctions

57
Q

Sertoli cells secretions separate ___ and _____ compartments

A

Basal and adluminal

58
Q

Spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes

A

Basal

59
Q

Primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids — borders lumen

A

Adluminal

60
Q

Central connective tissue core — houses rete tubules (testes)
Prevents collapse or compression of duct system within testis

A

Mediastinum

61
Q

Sperm transport

A

Rete tubules

62
Q

E current duct system composed of

A

Efferent ducts, epididymis, duct deferens

63
Q

Boar and stallion seminal plasma

A

Possesses coagulation properties
Plugs female reproductive tract

64
Q

Why is seminal plasma important in natural insemination

A

Provides fluid for sperm transport

65
Q

Seminal plasma is produced by

A

Epididymis, ampulla, vesicular glands, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland)

66
Q

Enlargement of ductus deferens
Hard to see in boar

A

Ampulla

67
Q

Large proportion of ejaculate in boar and bull

A

Vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)

68
Q

Bill and ram vesicular gland shape

A

Lobulated

69
Q

Boar vesicular gland shape

A

Well developed

70
Q

Stallion vesicular gland shape

A

Elongated, hollow patches

71
Q

Between bladder and pelvic urethra

A

Prostate gland

72
Q

Corpus prostate heart shaped

A

Boar

73
Q

Corpus prostate H-shaped

A

Stallion

74
Q

Disseminate prostate ram

A

Entirely disseminate

75
Q

Disseminate prostate boar

A

Major portion of prostate gland

76
Q

Disseminate prostate bill

A

2 forms, corpus prostate near neck of bladder

77
Q

Small and ovoid dense connective tissue

A

Bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland)

78
Q

Bulbourethral gland: ram, bull, stallion

A

Small and buried under bulbospongiosus muscle

79
Q

Bulbourethral gland: boar

A

Large and fibrous, produce gel portion of semen

80
Q

Accessory sex glands dependent upon

A

Testosterone

81
Q

Copulatory organ

A

Penis

82
Q

Penis is composed of

A

Base, shaft, glans penis, crus penis

83
Q

Shaft of penis: bulls, boars, rams

A

Sigmoid flexure: s-shaped configuration

84
Q

Maintains sigmoid flexure

A

Retractor penis muscle

85
Q

Contains spongy, erectile tissue

A

Corpus cavernosum

86
Q

Spongy, erectile tissue near penile urethra

A

Corpus spongiosum

87
Q

Specialized distal end
Many sensory nerves

A

Glans penis

88
Q

Start of corpus capunosa
Arteries are internal, veins exterior

A

Crus penis

89
Q

Muscles associated with pelvic urethra and penis

A

Urethralis, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, retractor penis

90
Q

Surrounds urethra
Helps move things along through the urethra

A

Urethralis

91
Q

Starts at root and extends down the cauda/ventral surface

A

Bulbospongiosus

92
Q

Base of penis
Largest muscle

A

Ischiocavernosus

93
Q

Temperature for spermatogenesis to occur

A

3-5 degrees Celsius less than body temp

94
Q

Lack of testis descent into scrotum and thus thermoregulation is absent

A

Cyptorchidism

95
Q

Cyptorchidism: Bilateral

A

Sterile
No spermatogenesis
Testosterone is produced

96
Q

Cryprorchidism: unilateral

A

Fertile
Reduce sperm producing capacity

97
Q

Cryptorchidism: Testis decent occurs late

A

Common in boars and stallions

98
Q

Time of testicular descent: bull

A

100-105 days

99
Q

Time of testicular descent: boar

A

100-110 days

100
Q

Which of the following is transferred via counter-current exchange within the Pampiniform plexus of the spermatic cord?

A. Follicle stimulating hormone
B. Testosterone
C. Heat (temperature)
D. Both A and B
E. Both B and C

A

E

101
Q

Which of the following would NOT be part of the scrotum?

A. External cremaster muscle
B. Tunica dartos muscle
C. Parietal vaginal tunic
D. Both A and C
E. Both B and C

A

A

102
Q

Which of the following would NOT be a function of seminal plasma?

A. Transport media
B. Stimulates speed quiescence (inactivity)
C. Culture media
D. Retards speed capacitation
E. Both B and D

A

B

103
Q

Which of the following would be characteristic of the boar reproductive tract?

A. Corrupts and disseminate prostate gland
B. A distinct ampulla
C. Sigmoid flexure
D. Both A and C
E. Both B and C

A

D

104
Q

Which of the following cell types would be found within the interstitial compartment of the testis?

A. Spermatogonia
B. Myoid (peritubular) cells
C. Leydig cells
D. Both B and C
E. All of the above

A

C

105
Q

True or False: peristaltic contractions produced by the cauda epididymis can be increase upon sexual excitement of the male

A

True

106
Q

True or False: the tunica dartos muscle is comprised of skeletal (striated) muscle whereas the external cremaster muscle is composed of smooth muscle

A

False

107
Q

True or False: semen from the stallion is fractionated

A

True

108
Q

True or false: as a general rule, species with smaller ejaculated typically have a higher sperm concentration

A

True

109
Q

True or false: a bull with bilateral cryptorchidism would be unable to produce testosterone normally

A

False

110
Q

Tall columnar with sterocilia

A

Caput epididymis

111
Q

Sweat glands

A

Scrotal skin

112
Q

Leydig cells

A

Interstitial compartment

113
Q

Primary spermatocyte

A

Tubular compartment

114
Q

Secretory glands

A

Prostate

115
Q

Contractions of this muscle puts pressure on the Cruz penis, compressing veins and promoting the erection process

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

116
Q

Contractions of this muscle increases pumping action of the Pampiniform plexus, promoting increased cooling efficiency of the testis

A

External cremaster muscle

117
Q

Contractions of this muscle maintains the sigmoid flexure, preventing the erection process

A

Retractor penis muscle

118
Q

Contractions of this muscle causes movement of urine or semen through the penile urethra

A

Urethralis muscle

119
Q

Contractions of this muscle allows the testis to be moved closer to the body cavity during colder temperatures

A

Tunica dartos muscle

120
Q

True or false: the spongy, erectile tissue located near the penile urethra is called the corpus cavernosum

A

False

121
Q

True or false: the termosensitive neurons that stimulate panting in the ram during elevated temperature are located in the hypothalamus

A

False

122
Q

True or false: A male that has bilateral cryptorchidism would be sterile and able to produce testosterone

A

True

123
Q

Urethralis muscle

A

Pelvic urethra

124
Q

Counter-current heat exchange

A

Pampiniform plexus

125
Q

Sigmoid flexure location

A

Shaft of penis

126
Q

Sensory nerves location

A

Glans penis

127
Q

Mediastinum location

A

Testis

128
Q

Which of the following are produced by Sertoli cells?

A. Inhibin
B. Sulfated glycoproteins
C. Testosterone
D. Both A and B
E. All of the above

A

D

129
Q

Which of the following are methods by which speed are moved out of the testis?

A. Pressure produced by smooth muscle properties of the testicular parenchyma
B. Contractions of myoid (peritubular) cells
C. Water absorption by the rete tubules, drawing sperm away from testis
D. Both A and B
E. All of the above

A

B

130
Q

Which of the following would NOT be a function of the epididymis?

A. Sperm transport
B. Sperm concentration
C. Sperm maturation
D. Both B and C
E. None of the above

A

E

131
Q

Which of the following cell types would be found within the tubular compartment of the testis?

A. Round spermatid
B. Sertoli cells
C. Myoid (peritubular) cells
D. Both A and B
E. All of the above

A

E

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