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Repro > Repo - Female > Flashcards

Repo - Female Flashcards

1
Q

Structures of female Repro tract

A

Ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia

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2
Q

Female reproductive tract location in livestock species

A

Directly beneath rectum - allows for palpation in cattle and horses

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3
Q

Can utilize palpation to

A

Diagnose ovarian status, diagnose pregnancy, manipulate tract for AI, recover embryos, identify abnormalities

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4
Q

Female tract is a

A

Series of interconnected tubes

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5
Q

4 layers of female tract

A

Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

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6
Q

Outer layer of female tract
Single layer of squamous cells

A

Serosa

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7
Q

Consisted of 2 layers
Transports secretory products, gametes and early embryos
Expulsion of fetus and placenta

A

Muscularis

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8
Q

2 muscularis layers

A

Inner - circular, outer - longitudinal

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9
Q

Blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics support layer for mucosa

A

Submucosa

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10
Q

Inner layer of female tract
Epithelium - secretory later
Surrounds lumen

A

Mucosa

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11
Q

Double layered connective tissue sheet
Supports and suspends ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix, and anterior vagina

A

Broad ligament

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12
Q

3 components of broad ligament

A

Mesovarium, Mesosalpinx, Mesometrium

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13
Q

Blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves for ovary
Forms hilus of ovary
Ovarian supportive ligament

A

Mesovarium

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14
Q

Surrounds and supports oviduct
Thin, serous portion of broad ligament
Bursa-like pouch that surrounds ovary
Helps orient Infundibulum

A

Mesosalpinx

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15
Q

Largest portion of broad ligament
Supports the uterine horns and uterine body
Hangs from dorsal body wall

A

Mesometrium

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16
Q

Round, knot-like structure
Mush vasculature

A

Ovary

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17
Q

Ovary functions

A

Produce female gametes
Produce hormones estradiol and progesterone

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18
Q

Ovary anatomy

A

Tunica albuginea, ovarian cortex, ovarian medulla

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19
Q

Outer, connective tissue surface
Single layer of cuboidal cells

A

Tunica albuginea

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20
Q

Beneath tunica albuginea
Contains population of oocytes, follicles, CL, CA

A

Ovarian cortex

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21
Q

Yellow bodies, large structures, produce progesterone

A

Corpus luteum

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22
Q

White bodies, smaller structures , represent scar tissue

A

Corpus albicans

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23
Q

Central portion of ovary
Contains vasculature, nerves, lymphatic system

A

Ovarian medulla

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24
Q

Development of immature follicles into mature follicles to become candidates for ovulation

A

Folliculogenesis

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25
Q

4 types of follicles

A

Primordial, primary, secondary, Antral

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26
Q

Smallest, most immature follicle
1 layer of squamous cells

A

Primordial

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27
Q

Follicle: 1 layer of cuboidal epithelium

A

Primary

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28
Q

Follicle: 2 or more laters of follicle cells
Contains zona pellucida

A

Secondary follicle

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29
Q

Thick, translucent layer in secondary follicle

A

Zona pellucida

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30
Q

Presence of antrum
Filled with follicular fluid

A

Antral follicle

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31
Q

3 layers of Antral follicles

A

Theca externa, Theca interna, granulosal cell layer

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32
Q

Antral follicle: loose connective tissue
Surrounds and supports oocyte

A

Theca externa

33
Q

Antral follicle: cells produce androgens

A

Theca interna

34
Q

Antral follicle: produce estrogen, inhibin and follicular fluid
Aid in maturation of oocyte

A

Granulosal cell layer

35
Q

Separates Theca interna and Granulosal cell later

A

Basement membrane

36
Q

Loss of Antral fluid causes follicle to collapse into numerous folds
Bloody body
Rupture of small vessels

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum

37
Q

Oviduct sections

A

Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

38
Q

Ovarian end, funnel-shaped opening
Captures oocyte
Surface has many fimbriae

A

Infundibulum

39
Q

Velvety, finger-like projections
Increase surface area
Cause Infundibulum to slip over entire surface of ovary at ovulation

A

Fimbriae

40
Q

Large diameter
Many folds with ciliates epithelium
Site of fertilization

A

Ampulla

41
Q

Smaller diameter
Thicker muscular wall
Fewer mucosal folds

A

Isthmus

42
Q

Connects uterus and isthmus
Regulars movement of embryo into uterus
Kinks with increased estradiol
Can act as a barrier to polyspermy (swine)

A

UTJ (uterotubal junction)

43
Q

Function of oviductal smooth muscle layer (muscularis)

A

Transportation of oocytes and sperm to site of fertilization

44
Q

Functions of oviductal mucosa

A

Provide optimum environment for unfertilized oocyte
Sustain speed function until oocyte arrives
Provide suitable environment for early embryo

45
Q

Connects oviducts to cervix

A

Uterus

46
Q

Uterine functions

A

Sperm transport
Luteolysis and control of cyclicity
Environment for pre-attachment embryo
Maternal contribution to placenta
Expulsion of fetus and fetal placenta

47
Q

3 types of uteri

A

Duplex, bicornuate, simplex

48
Q

2 cervical canals - each uterine horn is distinct

A

Duplex

49
Q

Duplex: mouse, rabbit

A

Single vaginal canal

50
Q

Duplex: marsupials

A

Double vaginal canal

51
Q

2 uterine horns and a small uterine body
Single vaginal and cervical canals
Internal and external uterine bifurcation

A

Bicornuate

52
Q

Duplex: bicornuate

A

Horse, cow, pig

53
Q

Single uterine body, no uterine horns
Nearly complete fusion of paramesonephric ducts

A

Simplex

54
Q

3 components of uterus

A

Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

55
Q

component of uterus contains Serosa

A

Perimetrium

56
Q

Part of peritoneum
Thin, nearly transparent

A

Serosa

57
Q

Contains muscularis layers
Provide contractility of uterus
Muscular tone
Expulsion of fetus and fetal membranes

A

Myometriym

58
Q

Muscularis layer: small ridges running anterior to posterior
Outer portion

A

Longitudinal smooth muscle

59
Q

Muscularis later: wrap around uterus in circular manner
Inner portion

A

Circular smooth muscle

60
Q

High estrogen, low progesterone - turgid

A

Much tone

61
Q

High progesterone, low estrogen - soft, flaccid

A

Very little tone

62
Q

Contains mucosa and submucosa
Secrete nutrients into lumen for developing embryo and sperm via endometrial glands

A

Endometrium

63
Q

Protrude from mucosa into submucosa
Cool under estrogen influence
Full secretory potential under progesterone influence
Produce prostaglandin F2a

A

Endometrial glands

64
Q

Thick- walled, non-compliant
Acts as sperm barrier in ew and cow

A

Cervix

65
Q

Cervix functions

A

Provide lubrication
Act as flushing system
Act as barrier during pregnancy

66
Q

Cervix: several rings form interlocking finger-like projections
Sperm deposition in vagina

A

Cow

67
Q

Cervix: rings interdigitate in specific manner
Sperm deposition in cervix

A

Pig

68
Q

Lubricates vagina during copulation
Flush out foreign materials
Prevents microorganisms from entering uterus

A

Mucus

69
Q

Copulatory organ
Site for expulsion of urine
Poorly defined muscular layer
Well developed mucosal epithelium

A

Vagina

70
Q

Mucosal epithelium: much secretory activity
Columnar and ciliated columnar epithelium

A

Near cervix

71
Q

Which animals have a fornix vagina

A

Cow and mare

72
Q

Mucosal epithelium: stratified squamous epithelium
Changes with stage of estrous cycle

A

Posterior

73
Q

Contains vestibule, gartner’s ducts
Extends from external urethras orifice to labia of vulva

A

Posterior vagina

74
Q

Suburethral diverticulum

A

Blind pouch

75
Q

Submucosa of vestibule
Secrete mucus- like substance during estrus

A

Vestibular glands

76
Q

External portion of female Tract
Contains labia majora and labia minora
Minimizes entrance of foreign material

A

Vulva

77
Q

Skin
Contains sweat glands and hair follicles
Consist of adipose tissue
Constrictor vulvae muscles

A

Labia

78
Q

Housed in central commisure of vestibule
Stratified squamous epithelium
Many nerve endings

A

Cilitoris

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