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Repo - Female Flashcards

1
Q

Structures of female Repro tract

A

Ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia

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2
Q

Female reproductive tract location in livestock species

A

Directly beneath rectum - allows for palpation in cattle and horses

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3
Q

Can utilize palpation to

A

Diagnose ovarian status, diagnose pregnancy, manipulate tract for AI, recover embryos, identify abnormalities

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4
Q

Female tract is a

A

Series of interconnected tubes

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5
Q

4 layers of female tract

A

Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

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6
Q

Outer layer of female tract
Single layer of squamous cells

A

Serosa

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7
Q

Consisted of 2 layers
Transports secretory products, gametes and early embryos
Expulsion of fetus and placenta

A

Muscularis

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8
Q

2 muscularis layers

A

Inner - circular, outer - longitudinal

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9
Q

Blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics support layer for mucosa

A

Submucosa

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10
Q

Inner layer of female tract
Epithelium - secretory later
Surrounds lumen

A

Mucosa

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11
Q

Double layered connective tissue sheet
Supports and suspends ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix, and anterior vagina

A

Broad ligament

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12
Q

3 components of broad ligament

A

Mesovarium, Mesosalpinx, Mesometrium

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13
Q

Blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves for ovary
Forms hilus of ovary
Ovarian supportive ligament

A

Mesovarium

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14
Q

Surrounds and supports oviduct
Thin, serous portion of broad ligament
Bursa-like pouch that surrounds ovary
Helps orient Infundibulum

A

Mesosalpinx

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15
Q

Largest portion of broad ligament
Supports the uterine horns and uterine body
Hangs from dorsal body wall

A

Mesometrium

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16
Q

Round, knot-like structure
Mush vasculature

A

Ovary

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17
Q

Ovary functions

A

Produce female gametes
Produce hormones estradiol and progesterone

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18
Q

Ovary anatomy

A

Tunica albuginea, ovarian cortex, ovarian medulla

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19
Q

Outer, connective tissue surface
Single layer of cuboidal cells

A

Tunica albuginea

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20
Q

Beneath tunica albuginea
Contains population of oocytes, follicles, CL, CA

A

Ovarian cortex

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21
Q

Yellow bodies, large structures, produce progesterone

A

Corpus luteum

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22
Q

White bodies, smaller structures , represent scar tissue

A

Corpus albicans

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23
Q

Central portion of ovary
Contains vasculature, nerves, lymphatic system

A

Ovarian medulla

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24
Q

Development of immature follicles into mature follicles to become candidates for ovulation

A

Folliculogenesis

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25
4 types of follicles
Primordial, primary, secondary, Antral
26
Smallest, most immature follicle 1 layer of squamous cells
Primordial
27
Follicle: 1 layer of cuboidal epithelium
Primary
28
Follicle: 2 or more laters of follicle cells Contains zona pellucida
Secondary follicle
29
Thick, translucent layer in secondary follicle
Zona pellucida
30
Presence of antrum Filled with follicular fluid
Antral follicle
31
3 layers of Antral follicles
Theca externa, Theca interna, granulosal cell layer
32
Antral follicle: loose connective tissue Surrounds and supports oocyte
Theca externa
33
Antral follicle: cells produce androgens
Theca interna
34
Antral follicle: produce estrogen, inhibin and follicular fluid Aid in maturation of oocyte
Granulosal cell layer
35
Separates Theca interna and Granulosal cell later
Basement membrane
36
Loss of Antral fluid causes follicle to collapse into numerous folds Bloody body Rupture of small vessels
Corpus hemorrhagicum
37
Oviduct sections
Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
38
Ovarian end, funnel-shaped opening Captures oocyte Surface has many fimbriae
Infundibulum
39
Velvety, finger-like projections Increase surface area Cause Infundibulum to slip over entire surface of ovary at ovulation
Fimbriae
40
Large diameter Many folds with ciliates epithelium Site of fertilization
Ampulla
41
Smaller diameter Thicker muscular wall Fewer mucosal folds
Isthmus
42
Connects uterus and isthmus Regulars movement of embryo into uterus Kinks with increased estradiol Can act as a barrier to polyspermy (swine)
UTJ (uterotubal junction)
43
Function of oviductal smooth muscle layer (muscularis)
Transportation of oocytes and sperm to site of fertilization
44
Functions of oviductal mucosa
Provide optimum environment for unfertilized oocyte Sustain speed function until oocyte arrives Provide suitable environment for early embryo
45
Connects oviducts to cervix
Uterus
46
Uterine functions
Sperm transport Luteolysis and control of cyclicity Environment for pre-attachment embryo Maternal contribution to placenta Expulsion of fetus and fetal placenta
47
3 types of uteri
Duplex, bicornuate, simplex
48
2 cervical canals - each uterine horn is distinct
Duplex
49
Duplex: mouse, rabbit
Single vaginal canal
50
Duplex: marsupials
Double vaginal canal
51
2 uterine horns and a small uterine body Single vaginal and cervical canals Internal and external uterine bifurcation
Bicornuate
52
Duplex: bicornuate
Horse, cow, pig
53
Single uterine body, no uterine horns Nearly complete fusion of paramesonephric ducts
Simplex
54
3 components of uterus
Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
55
component of uterus contains Serosa
Perimetrium
56
Part of peritoneum Thin, nearly transparent
Serosa
57
Contains muscularis layers Provide contractility of uterus Muscular tone Expulsion of fetus and fetal membranes
Myometriym
58
Muscularis layer: small ridges running anterior to posterior Outer portion
Longitudinal smooth muscle
59
Muscularis later: wrap around uterus in circular manner Inner portion
Circular smooth muscle
60
High estrogen, low progesterone - turgid
Much tone
61
High progesterone, low estrogen - soft, flaccid
Very little tone
62
Contains mucosa and submucosa Secrete nutrients into lumen for developing embryo and sperm via endometrial glands
Endometrium
63
Protrude from mucosa into submucosa Cool under estrogen influence Full secretory potential under progesterone influence Produce prostaglandin F2a
Endometrial glands
64
Thick- walled, non-compliant Acts as sperm barrier in ew and cow
Cervix
65
Cervix functions
Provide lubrication Act as flushing system Act as barrier during pregnancy
66
Cervix: several rings form interlocking finger-like projections Sperm deposition in vagina
Cow
67
Cervix: rings interdigitate in specific manner Sperm deposition in cervix
Pig
68
Lubricates vagina during copulation Flush out foreign materials Prevents microorganisms from entering uterus
Mucus
69
Copulatory organ Site for expulsion of urine Poorly defined muscular layer Well developed mucosal epithelium
Vagina
70
Mucosal epithelium: much secretory activity Columnar and ciliated columnar epithelium
Near cervix
71
Which animals have a fornix vagina
Cow and mare
72
Mucosal epithelium: stratified squamous epithelium Changes with stage of estrous cycle
Posterior
73
Contains vestibule, gartner’s ducts Extends from external urethras orifice to labia of vulva
Posterior vagina
74
Suburethral diverticulum
Blind pouch
75
Submucosa of vestibule Secrete mucus- like substance during estrus
Vestibular glands
76
External portion of female Tract Contains labia majora and labia minora Minimizes entrance of foreign material
Vulva
77
Skin Contains sweat glands and hair follicles Consist of adipose tissue Constrictor vulvae muscles
Labia
78
Housed in central commisure of vestibule Stratified squamous epithelium Many nerve endings
Cilitoris

Repro (12 decks)

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