Test

Question 1

What are hormones made of?

Answer 1

Protein

Question 2

Medulla

Answer 2

Controls breathing and heart rate

Question 3

Cerebellum

Answer 3

Controls balance and muscle coordination

Question 4

Cerebrum

Answer 4

Controls memory, thought, imagination, intelligence and reasoning

Question 5

What is continuous variation?

Answer 5

Continuous variation is caused by polygenic inheritance (characteristics affected by more than one gene). It is measurable and ranges between and minimum and a maximum

E.g. height, shoes size or skin colour

Question 6

Production of insulin

Answer 6

Insulin is produced in the pancreas and carried in the blood to the target organ, the liver

Insulin causes the liver to take up glucose from the blood and convert it into a storage carbohydrate called glycogen and therefore reduces the blood glucose levels

Question 7

Describe the pathway of oxygenated blood through the heart

Answer 7

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart from the lungs to the left side, it enters though the pulmonary vein into the left atrium. It is then pumped into the left ventricle and out of the left side of the heart to the rest of the body though the aorta

Question 8

Describe the pathway of deoxygenated blood though the heart

Answer 8

Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart from the rest of the body, it enters though the vena cava into the right atrium. It is then pumped into the right ventricle and pumped out of the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary artery

Question 9

Lacteal glands

Answer 9

The villus (small intestine) has a network of capillaries which absorb amino acids and glucose, it also has lacteals which absorbs FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL

Question 10

What is an allele?

Answer 10

Different forms of the same gene

E.g. gene = eye color allele = blue/green

Question 11

Structure and function of xylem

Answer 11

Structure: hollow tubes made of dead cells, the have rings of lignin which stop the tube closing under the pressure of the water

Function: transports water from the bottom to the top of the leaf

Question 12

Alveoli structure and function

Answer 12

The lungs have a large number of alveoli providing a large surface area for the absorption di oxygen and carbon dioxide through its thin walls into the many blood capillaries

Question 13

Name the two types of white blood cells

Answer 13

Lymphocytes and phagocytes

Question 14

Describe the process of phagocytosis

Answer 14

Phagocytosis is the process by which phagocytes will engulf and digest pathogens

-Phagocyte surrounds the pathogen
-Phagocyte engulfs the pathogen and surrounds it in a vacuole
-Digestive enzyme within lysosomes in phagocytes digest the pathogen

Question 15

Describe the role of antibodies when destroying a pathogen

Answer 15

Lymphocytes produce antibodies which will bind to a specific protein in the pathogen called an antigen

Antibodies will bind to several pathogens preventing the pathogen from spreading and allowing the phagocytes to engulf the pathogen

Antibodies are specific to only one type of pathogen

Question 16

Environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 16

-Humidity
-Wind speed
-Temperature
-Surface area

Question 17

What is a hormone?

Answer 17

Hormones are chemical messengers released into the blood stream

Question 18

Function of a hormone

Answer 18

The target tissue contains special receptor proteins that will recognise the hormone.

The receptor proteins ensure only the target tissues are affected by the hormone.