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Nat5 Biology > DNA And The Production Of Proteins > Flashcards

DNA And The Production Of Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What are chromosomes made from?

A

DNA

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2
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

The Nucleus

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3
Q

What is the structure of DNA know known as?

A

Double stranded helix

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4
Q

How are the two strands held together in DNA?

A

The strands are joined by bases

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5
Q

What are the 4 types of bases in DNA

A

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

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6
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

DeoxyriboNucleicAcid

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7
Q

What is the rule when pairing bases?

A

A pairs with T
G pairs with C

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8
Q

What is a section of DNA known as?

A

A gene

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9
Q

What do genes do?

A

Genes code for proteins which determine characteristics of an organism

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10
Q

What are proteins?

A

Complex molecules made from a chain of amino acids

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11
Q

How is a certain protein made?

A

It is the order of bases coded in the DNA sequence of the gene which determines the order of the amino acids in the protein

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12
Q

What is mRNA?

A

mRNA is a molecule that allows the changing of genes into a protein, each mRNA is a copy of a single cell

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13
Q

What does mRNA do to the DNA when making a protein?

A

The mRNA takes a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA and takes it from the nucleus to the ribosome where protein synthesis takes place

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14
Q

What are the steps involved in synthesising a protein?

A

Order of DNA bases ➡️ Order of amino acids ➡️ Structure of proteins ➡️ Function of protein

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15
Q

What is the sequence of events when a protein is being produced?

A

DNA ➡️ mRNA ➡️ amino acids ➡️ protein

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16
Q

What is the function of haemoglobin?

A

Carries oxygen around the body

17
Q

What is the function of antibodies?

A

Produced by white blood cells, they protect the body from harmful microbes

18
Q

What is the function of hormones?

A

Chemical messengers e.g. insulin, testosterone or adrenaline

19
Q

What is the function of enzymes?

A

Speed up chemical/biological reactions e.g. amylase, catalase or phosphorylase

20
Q

What is the function of transport proteins?

A

Movement of molecules e.g. membrane proteins

21
Q

What is the function of structural proteins?

A

Provide shape and support e.g. collagen, keratin or myosin

Nat5 Biology (18 decks)

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