Proteins & Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are enzymes made from?

A

Proteins

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2
Q

What determines the function of a protein?

A

The order of amino acids

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3
Q

What is the function of an enzyme?

A

Speed up chemical reactions. E.g. amylase, catalase and phosphorylase

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4
Q

What is the function of an antibody?

A

Produced by white blood cells and protects the body from harmful microbes

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5
Q

What is the function of hormones?

A

Chemical messengers. E.g. testosterone, oestrogen and adrenaline

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6
Q

What is the function of transport proteins?

A

Movement of molecules. E.g. membrane proteins

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7
Q

What is the function of structural proteins?

A

Provide shape and support. E.g. collagen, keratin and myosin

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8
Q

What are the properties of enzymes?

A

-Enzymes are made from proteins and are produced by all living cells
-They are biological catalysts which increases the rate of chemical reactions
-Enzymes are reusable as they are unchanged by the chemical reaction
-Enzymes have an active site which is specific to one type of substrate
-They are most active at optimum conditions and become denatured at high temperatures / PH levels

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9
Q

What is the importance of enzymes?

A

Speeds up chemical reactions in the body, that would otherwise happen to slowly for life

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10
Q

Describe an enzyme reaction:

A

Enzyme
Substrate ➡️ product

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11
Q

Explain the specificity of enzymes for their substrates:

A

The active site of each type of enzyme has a different shape from any other type of enzyme (complementary) so that it will only bind to one type of substrate. This is called specificity

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12
Q

Give examples of a degradation reaction:

A

Starch is a large, complex molecule. An enzyme called amylase can degrade (break down) starch and turn it into a smaller sugar called maltose

                   Amylase
  Starch.          ➡️.        Maltose

Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

             Lipase
Fats.        ➡️.       Fatty acids + glycerol
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13
Q

Give an example of a synthesis reaction:

A

The conversion of glucose-1-phosphate into starch is a synthesis reaction

                                    Phosphorylase glucose-1-phosphate            ➡️.                Starch
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14
Q

Name factors which affect the activity of an enzyme:

A

Temperature and PH

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15
Q

What is meant by the term ‘Optimum Conditions’

A

The conditions at which an enzyme is most active

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16
Q

What happens when an enzyme becomes denatured?

A

An enzyme becomes denatures when it exceeds its optimum conditions. It will cause the active site of the enzyme to change shape and loose its activity