TEST 15

Question 1

What were the 4 main long-term causes of WW1?

Answer 1

Militarism- to glorify and prepare for war
Alliances- mutual agreement to support other country in times of war
Imperialism- when a stronger country conquers ad runs a foreign land.
Nationalism- deep devotion and superiority for country

Question 2

How did militarism lead to WW1

Answer 2

conscription- common so militaries were huge
Jingoism- warlike foreign policy was encouraged
Arms race- common between world powers

Question 3

How did alliances impact WW1

Answer 3

brought more countries into WW1 (allies fought central powers)

Question 4

What were the sides in WW1

Answer 4

Central powers (germany, austria/hungary, ottoman empire)
Allied powers (france, GB, russia, USA, serbia, japan, china, italy)

Question 5

What side of the war was US on and important why?

Answer 5

US entered war in 1917, large say in peace negotiations.

Question 6

How did imperialism lead to WW1?

Answer 6

-Industrialized countries needed raw materials (industrial rev)

• European powers ruled many colonies and needed stronger militaries
• The comp for colonies in Africa and Asia led to empire rivarly

Question 7

How did nationalism and self-determination lead to WW1

Answer 7

• many ethnic groups in empires wanted indepednent countries of there own
• ## Many felt their country/ethnic group was superior to foreigners

Question 8

What was the Balkan Peninsula? And previous name?

Answer 8

previous name: powder keg of europe
It was part of the country Austria-Hungary, the Balkans housed lots of different ethnicities, many of whom wanted independent countries.

Question 9

Short-term cause of WW1

Answer 9

(1914)
- Assasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, her to Austria hungary throne. Assasinators thought this would scare Austria Hngary into giving up Bosnia.

Question 10

Modern weapons in WW1

Answer 10

Machine guns, artillery, tanks, airplanes, battleships, submarines, poisonous gases, landmines, zeppelins.

Question 11

Trench warfare?

Answer 11

Two trances, with a no-mans land in between. soldiers would basically jsut charge and try to conquer enemeys trench, running straight into enemy fire.

Question 12

Overal, was the Treaty of Versaailles lenient or harsh on the losers.

Answer 12

HARSH! not peaceful, opposoite of congress of Vienna.

Question 13

Purpose of the League of Nations?

Answer 13

• being a forum where countries could meet and talk about world problems
• collective security to prevent future wars by the whole world attacking any “aggressor” country

Question 14

Three notable countrie not on the League of Nations when it started

Answer 14

Soviet Union, USA, germany

Question 15

WHat was a common opinion about war after WW1 and how did it realte to the league of nations?

Answer 15

people quesitoned warfare in general, they didnt want to fight another war
League of nations was formed to prevent future wars, many people thought it would work

Question 16

What governmnet was mostly discarded after WW1

Answer 16

Monarchy. (specifically absolute monarchy in the ottoman empire, russia, austria hungary, and germany)

Question 17

What happened to Austria-Hungary as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 17

It ended and dissolved into several smaller countries

Question 18

WHat happened to Germany as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 18

• It lost some borderlands and its entire overseas empire
• Forced to have only a very weak military
• Forbidden to join league of nations
• had to pay $$ reparations for the war
• Signed a docment admitting it was all germanys fault
• became republic

Question 19

How did Ottoman Empire become Turkey

Answer 19

Lost WW1, lost all land outside “turkey” fought civil war ending in 1922

Question 20

How was Turkey different than the Ottoman Empire when Mustafa Kemal took over

Answer 20

more secular, pro-european culture, banned the fez hat, adopted Turkish alphabet, etc.

Question 21

WHat happened to the Ottoman empire because of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 21

It ended. land divided between england and france, what was left of empire renamned “turkey” after civil war

Question 22

What freedom/rights did the colonists win as a result from helping their mother countries in WW1

Answer 22

won nothing, led to more unrest

Question 23

what does communism attempt to do

Answer 23

• make clasless society
• abolish all private property

Question 24

acording to Marxist theory, what is the final class struggle

Answer 24

workers vs. owners

Question 25

why wasnt russia considerde to be an ideal place for communist worlwide revolution to begin

Answer 25

not industrialized enough. not enough workers vs. owners struggle

Question 26

what are 3 reasons why communists do not like capatilism

Answer 26

• evil bosses motivatied by greed
• overproduction
• combinations

Question 27

3 major stages of russian revolution

Answer 27

february revolution: Nicholas 11, tsar of russia, stepped down from power. Unsuccessful provisional government began
October revolution: Bolsheviks took over government. Lenin was leader, russia surrendered in WW1
Russian Civil War: between reds and whites, reds won and renamed country USSR

Question 28

services/policies that communist government promised, and reality of it

Answer 28

Free Education: almost 100% literate! but communist ideology dominated
Free Health care: chronic shortages,long waits
100% housing: They did this! but some had preferences
Equality: women acheived equal status but still took “homemaker” duties
Food for all: arrwmpws bur chronic shortages and long lines became the norm
100% employment: achieved! but could not choe job and workers rights were bad

Question 29

LEnin’s “dictarship of proletariat” leadership style?

Answer 29

argued that the communist movement and USSR needed elite leadership that had to be obeyed for everyones own good

Question 30

what class of people had the highest standard of living in the USSR and why did this matter

Answer 30

High-ranking governmnet officials (aka: nomenklatura) Mattered because the inequality betrayed ommunist ideas about equality

Question 31

What was USSR’s Comintern about? where was it most successful?

Answer 31

Goal was to spread communism worldwide; notably started chinese communist party

Question 32

How successful was the early spread of communism?

Answer 32

Not successful. Eastern countries rejected, western countries alarmed and took steps to prevent it.

Question 33

In communist countries like USSR, China, and north korea, how was cult of personality like religion?

Answer 33

Communist countries were atheist, but their leaders and communist ideology became the new “religion”

Question 34

When Stalin took power, how had the idea of global revolution changed?

Answer 34

it was not seen as possible yet, best thing for USSR to industrialize and become ore powerful

Question 35

what were stalin’s five year plans about?

Answer 35

Collectivize farms and industrialize USSR at any cost. Living standards went down but industrialization occurred.

Question 36

how did stalin change agriculture in the USSR

Answer 36

became a colective enterprise. It was disastrous and milliond died in famines, especially in Ukraine (punished by Stalin)

Question 37

What were the USSR’s purges of the 1930s about under stalin

Answer 37

peaking in the 1930’s 10s of millions were arrested and killed for being traitors or enemies of the state, many innocent :(

Question 38

What was the dual purpose of the Gulag

Answer 38

ti work as a prison system and forced labor system

Question 39

What was socialist realism art about

Answer 39

it falsely shows how communism worked well. The art was common across the communist world.