Last content test? Flashcards
ap prep 2
Why is there a North and South Korea
After WW2, Soviets influenced northen half, making it communist, southern was against this so they seperated
What was the Korean War about? What was result?
1950-53
North (communist) invaded the south in attempt to unify korea in communism/US fought for south, China fought for north, ussr opted out, cease fire declared:1953, it is ongoing
3 Indochina wars
1st- 1946-1954 independence form France
2nd- 1955-1975 defeated USA and North Vietnam, (communist) nd unified with South Vietnam to make today’s Vietnam
3rd- late 1970s, taking out Khmer Rouge in Cambodia
Vietnam War? Who won?
1957-75
Containment/Domino Theory
North Vietnam- communist
South Vietnam: democratic
US gradually became more involved, North won, Vietnam became united communist country. Although communism was a factor, Vietnam mostly wanted independence. Controversies remain.
Khmer Rouge like in Cambodia
1975-1979
peasant communist society=goal
at least 25% of people killed in genocide :(
Who was Mohandis Ghandi and things he is known for.
Spritual leader of India’s independence, famous for non-violent protesting methods, assasinated
India’s Independence (date) Partition (date) and Cold war expirence like
INdependence: 1947, after long struggle, independence from Britain peacefully completed
BUT, PArtition: 1947, INdia split into Muslim and Hindu India and 1 million died
COld War: Tried to remain neutral. Pakistan allies w US, Bangladesh gained independence form PAkistan after a war in 1971
Genocides in 1900s
1) Armenian genocide (1914-1923) Ottomans killed 2 million Armenians who were seen to be on Russia’s side
2) Rape of Nnking/Nanjing Massacre (1937-1938) Japanese soldiers killed 250,000 people in Nanjing China
Three worlds in Cold War
1: democratic, capatalist, wealthy
2: communist
3: poor countries that wanted independence from mother country
Decolonization movement
Colonies in Adrica and Asia wanted independence, vast expeirences
4 reasons why decolonization happened
- European colonies could not afford or defend colonies
- People increasingly thought that colonlialism/imperialism was unfair
- NAtionalism and self-determination
- US and USSR opposed imperialism and wanted ideological allies
Cold War situation in LAtin America?
Cuba was only communist country, but many close calls and some civil wars. tense cold war area
Caudillos? status?
strong militaristic, sometimes corrupt, male machismo leaders. common in latin american history. Cold war enjoyed US support for being against communism.
Cubas independence?
Ruled by SPain for 400 yrs
Cuba became independent when US beat Spain in Spanish American war in 1898
Although US was, independent, they had many business offers and Havana was a party town, v corrupt.
The Cuban Revolution in 1959 started new gov, quickly became communist.
Cuban Missle Crisis?
1962, USSR moved nuclear weapons into Cuba, US saw this as a direct threat. Both sides ALMOST went into nuclear war (v close to ww3…)
Israel? why was it controversial?
- Formerly British Palestine, became homeland for Jewish people
- approved by UN, creation was controversial
- Arabs in Palestine disputed it
- thousands had to move so Isralians could come in
4 ongoing problems in the Middle East
1) Islamism (jihad)
2) Shiites vs. Sunnis
3) Secular states vs. Religious states
4) Muslim world vs. Israel
3 things about US President Ronald Reagan’s policies in the 1980s
- called USSR an evil empire
- lots of small interventions against communism around the world.
- Increased military funding, SDI
What was USSR like in the 1980s
low standard of living, loss of confidence in government, lots of corruption and misinformation
What is capatalism
when one makes profit off an initial investment, then re-invests it to grow the economy
Disadvantages of a command economy?
(economy of communist)
They have failed in history
Lack of economic freedom
Lots of beureaucracy
Quota system led to corruption and mismanagement
No profit incensitive (need or desire for money)
No sense of ownership
Blat: system of favors EX: ill trade you my chicken if you give my kid good grades)
What did USSR General Secretary “Glasnost” and “perestroika” mean (date) and what happened?
date: 1958
Glasnost: openness, honstey in info and government
Perestroika: restructiring economy.
These both led people wanting even more change.
MIkhail Gorbachev
What 3 things happened when the Berlin Wall fell in ____.
1989
- Germany reunited in 1990
- Germany joined NATO -
- The event spread through communist Eastern Europe and CHina and largely started the end of the Cold War
What was the fate of the Soviet Union when it ended in ___?
1991
It dissolved into 15 countries, lots of corruption followed in Russia and the economy suffered for the next decade.
What is globalization?
Trade and technology have made the world a more interconnected place.
What invention/innovation in the ___has een compared to the printing press as a gamechanger in communication?
1990s, TECHNOLOGY
What is the Green Revolutions?
20th century farming innovations including fertilizers and mechanical harvesters that enabled food production to exceed population.
What were the 3 waves of environmentalism?
First Wave: c. 1900 = nature conservation
Second wave: 1960s-70s = concern of resource exhaustion, pop increase, grassroots activism
Third wave= late 20th century, sustainable development.
What happened in Iran in 1953, 1979, and the 1980s
1953: US and British-led coup ousted the Iranian Prime Master, to strengthen Shah’s rule. A loss of interest and spread of communism was feared if no action was taken.
1979: Iranian Revolution. Islamist revolution that desired to usher in a new ISlamic era. USA #1 enemy.
1980s: Iran-Iraq war. Iraq tried to invade Iran. Ende in a tie and 1-2 million dead. Half of Iraqis are Shiites.
