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Social Psych > Terms Chp 1-3 > Flashcards

Terms Chp 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

interactionist perspective

A

an emphasis on how both an individual’s personality and environmental characteristics influence behaviour

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2
Q

social cognition

A

the study of how people perceive remember, and interpret information about themselves and others

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3
Q

social neuroscience

A

the study of the relationship between neural and social processes

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4
Q

behavioural genetics

A

a subfield of psychology that examines the role of genetic factors in behaviour

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5
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

a subfield of psychology that uses the principles of evolution to understand human social behaviour

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6
Q

culture

A

a system of enduring meanings, beliefs, values, assumptions, institutions, and practices shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

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7
Q

cross-cultural research

A

research designed to compare and contrast people of different cultures

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8
Q

multicultural research

A

research designed to examine racial and ethnic groups within cultures

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9
Q

social psychology

A

the scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in a social context

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10
Q

applied research

A

research designed to enlarge the understanding of naturally occurring events and to find solutions to practical problems

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11
Q

basic research

A

research designed to increase the understanding of human behaviour, often by testing hypotheses based on a theory

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12
Q

confederate

A

accomplice of an experimenter who, in dealing with the real participants in an experiment, acts as if he or she is also a participant

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13
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable prediction about the conditions under which an event will occur

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14
Q

correlation coefficient

A

a statistical measure of the strength and direction of the association between two variables

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15
Q

correlational research

A

research designed to measure the association between variables that are not manipulated by the researcher

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16
Q

debriefing

A

a disclosure, made to participant after research procedures are completed, in which the researcher explains the purpose of the research, attempts to resolve any negative feelings and em

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17
Q

deception

A

in the context of research, a method that provides false information to participants

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18
Q

dependent variable

A

in an experiment, a factor that experimenters measure to see if it is affected by the independent variable

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19
Q

experiment

A

a form of research that can demonstrate causal relationships because the experimenter has control over the events that occur and participants are randomly assigned to the conditions

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20
Q

experimental realism

A

the degree to which experimental procedures are involving to participants and lead them to behave naturally and spontaneously

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21
Q

experimenter expectancy effects

A

the effects produced when an experimenter’s expectations about the results of an experiment affect his or her behaviour toward a participant and thereby influence the participant’s responses

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22
Q

external validity

A

the degree to which there can be reasonable confidence that the results of a study would be obtained for other people and in other situations

23
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable prediction about the conditions under which an event will occur

24
Q

independent variable

A

in an experiment, a factor that experimenters manipulate to see if it affects the dependent variable

25
informed consent
an individual's deliberate, voluntary decision to participate in research, based on the researcher's description of what will be required during such participation
26
internal validity
the degree to which there can be reasonable certainty that the independent variables in an experiment caused the effects obtained on the dependent variables
27
interrater reliability
the degree to which different observers agree on their observations
28
meta-analysis
a set of statistical procedures used to review a body of evidence by combining the results of individual studies to measure the overall reliability and strength of particular effects
29
mundane realism
the degree to which the experimental situation resembles places and events in the real world
30
qualitative research
the collection of data through open-ended responses, observation, and interviews
31
quantitative research
the collection of numerical data through objective testing and statistical analysis
32
random assignment
a method of assigning participants to the various conditions of an experiment so that each participant in the experiment has an equal chance of being in any of the conditions
33
random sampling
a method of selecting participants for a study so that everyone in a population has an equal chance of being in the study
34
subject variable
a variable that characterizes pre-existing differences among the participants in a study
35
theory
an organized set of principles used to explain observed phenomena
36
theory
an organized set of principles used to explain observed phenomena
37
affective forecasting
the process of predicting how one would feel in response to future emotional events
38
facial feedback hypothesis
the hypothesis that changes in facial expression can lead to corresponding changes in emotion
39
bask in reflected glory (BIRG)
to increase self-esteem by associating with others who are successful
40
dialecticism
an Eastern system of thought that accepts the existence of contradictory characteristics within a single person
41
downward social comparison
the defensive tendency to compare ourselves with others who are worse off than we are
42
implicit egotism
a non conscious form of self-enhancement
43
overjustification effect
the tendency for intrinsic motivation to diminish for activities that have become associated with reward or other extrinsic factors
44
private self-consciousness
a personality characteristic of individuals who are introspective, often attending to their own inner states
45
public self-consciousness
a personality characteristic of individuals who focus on themselves as social objects, as seen by others
46
self-awareness theory
the theory that self-focused attention leads people to notice self-discrepancies, thereby motivating either an escape from self-awareness or a change in behaviour
47
self-esteem
an affective component of the self, consisting of a person's positive and negative self-evaluations
48
self-handicapping
behaviours designed to sabotage one's own performance in order to provide a subsequent excuse for failure
49
self-monitoring
the tendency to change behaviour in response to the self-presentation concerns of the situation
50
self-presentation
strategies people use to shape what others think of them
51
social comparison theory
the theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others
52
two-factor theory of emotion
the theory that the experience of emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal
53
two-factor theory of emotion
the theory that the experience of emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal
54
correlation coefficient
a statistical measure of the strength and direction of the association between two variables

Social Psych (13 decks)

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