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Social Psych > Terms Chp 1-3 > Flashcards

Terms Chp 1-3 Flashcards

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1
Q

interactionist perspective

A

an emphasis on how both an individual’s personality and environmental characteristics influence behaviour

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2
Q

social cognition

A

the study of how people perceive remember, and interpret information about themselves and others

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3
Q

social neuroscience

A

the study of the relationship between neural and social processes

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4
Q

behavioural genetics

A

a subfield of psychology that examines the role of genetic factors in behaviour

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5
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

a subfield of psychology that uses the principles of evolution to understand human social behaviour

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6
Q

culture

A

a system of enduring meanings, beliefs, values, assumptions, institutions, and practices shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

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7
Q

cross-cultural research

A

research designed to compare and contrast people of different cultures

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8
Q

multicultural research

A

research designed to examine racial and ethnic groups within cultures

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9
Q

social psychology

A

the scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in a social context

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10
Q

applied research

A

research designed to enlarge the understanding of naturally occurring events and to find solutions to practical problems

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11
Q

basic research

A

research designed to increase the understanding of human behaviour, often by testing hypotheses based on a theory

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12
Q

confederate

A

accomplice of an experimenter who, in dealing with the real participants in an experiment, acts as if he or she is also a participant

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13
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable prediction about the conditions under which an event will occur

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14
Q

correlation coefficient

A

a statistical measure of the strength and direction of the association between two variables

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15
Q

correlational research

A

research designed to measure the association between variables that are not manipulated by the researcher

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16
Q

debriefing

A

a disclosure, made to participant after research procedures are completed, in which the researcher explains the purpose of the research, attempts to resolve any negative feelings and em

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17
Q

deception

A

in the context of research, a method that provides false information to participants

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18
Q

dependent variable

A

in an experiment, a factor that experimenters measure to see if it is affected by the independent variable

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19
Q

experiment

A

a form of research that can demonstrate causal relationships because the experimenter has control over the events that occur and participants are randomly assigned to the conditions

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20
Q

experimental realism

A

the degree to which experimental procedures are involving to participants and lead them to behave naturally and spontaneously

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21
Q

experimenter expectancy effects

A

the effects produced when an experimenter’s expectations about the results of an experiment affect his or her behaviour toward a participant and thereby influence the participant’s responses

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22
Q

external validity

A

the degree to which there can be reasonable confidence that the results of a study would be obtained for other people and in other situations

23
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable prediction about the conditions under which an event will occur

24
Q

independent variable

A

in an experiment, a factor that experimenters manipulate to see if it affects the dependent variable

25
Q

informed consent

A

an individual’s deliberate, voluntary decision to participate in research, based on the researcher’s description of what will be required during such participation

26
Q

internal validity

A

the degree to which there can be reasonable certainty that the independent variables in an experiment caused the effects obtained on the dependent variables

27
Q

interrater reliability

A

the degree to which different observers agree on their observations

28
Q

meta-analysis

A

a set of statistical procedures used to review a body of evidence by combining the results of individual studies to measure the overall reliability and strength of particular effects

29
Q

mundane realism

A

the degree to which the experimental situation resembles places and events in the real world

30
Q

qualitative research

A

the collection of data through open-ended responses, observation, and interviews

31
Q

quantitative research

A

the collection of numerical data through objective testing and statistical analysis

32
Q

random assignment

A

a method of assigning participants to the various conditions of an experiment so that each participant in the experiment has an equal chance of being in any of the conditions

33
Q

random sampling

A

a method of selecting participants for a study so that everyone in a population has an equal chance of being in the study

34
Q

subject variable

A

a variable that characterizes pre-existing differences among the participants in a study

35
Q

theory

A

an organized set of principles used to explain observed phenomena

36
Q

theory

A

an organized set of principles used to explain observed phenomena

37
Q

affective forecasting

A

the process of predicting how one would feel in response to future emotional events

38
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

the hypothesis that changes in facial expression can lead to corresponding changes in emotion

39
Q

bask in reflected glory (BIRG)

A

to increase self-esteem by associating with others who are successful

40
Q

dialecticism

A

an Eastern system of thought that accepts the existence of contradictory characteristics within a single person

41
Q

downward social comparison

A

the defensive tendency to compare ourselves with others who are worse off than we are

42
Q

implicit egotism

A

a non conscious form of self-enhancement

43
Q

overjustification effect

A

the tendency for intrinsic motivation to diminish for activities that have become associated with reward or other extrinsic factors

44
Q

private self-consciousness

A

a personality characteristic of individuals who are introspective, often attending to their own inner states

45
Q

public self-consciousness

A

a personality characteristic of individuals who focus on themselves as social objects, as seen by others

46
Q

self-awareness theory

A

the theory that self-focused attention leads people to notice self-discrepancies, thereby motivating either an escape from self-awareness or a change in behaviour

47
Q

self-esteem

A

an affective component of the self, consisting of a person’s positive and negative self-evaluations

48
Q

self-handicapping

A

behaviours designed to sabotage one’s own performance in order to provide a subsequent excuse for failure

49
Q

self-monitoring

A

the tendency to change behaviour in response to the self-presentation concerns of the situation

50
Q

self-presentation

A

strategies people use to shape what others think of them

51
Q

social comparison theory

A

the theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others

52
Q

two-factor theory of emotion

A

the theory that the experience of emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal

53
Q

two-factor theory of emotion

A

the theory that the experience of emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal

54
Q

correlation coefficient

A

a statistical measure of the strength and direction of the association between two variables

Social Psych (13 decks)

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