Chapter 3 & 4 Multiple Choice and T/F

Question 1

People tend to be overly optimistic about their future.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Though she doesn’t usually watch television, Danielle never misses My Big Fat Obnoxious Fiance on Monday nights. Which of the following best describes Danielle’s behaviour?

a) low in consistency
b) high in distinctiveness
c) low in consensus
d) high in covariation

Answer 2

B

high in distinctiveness

Question 3

Which of the following mechanisms allow an individual to maintain a stereotype even in the face of strongly contradictory evidence?

a) an illusory correlation
b) a jigsaw classroom
c) subtyping
d) self-fulfilling prophecies

Answer 3

A

an illusory correlation

Question 4

The impressions we form of others are influenced by superficial aspects of their appearance.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

Why do ingroup members often display the outgroup homogeneity effect?

a) because ingroups and outgroups must compete for shared resources
b) because they lack familiarity with members of the outgroup
c) because they lack sufficient information to judge the variability of their own group
d) because they usually encounter the more typical members of the outgroup

Answer 5

B

because they lack familiarity with members of the outgroup

Question 6

People oftren sabotage their own performance in order to protect their self-esteem.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

The affective component of the self is

a) self-concept
b) self-presentation
c) self-esteem
d) self perception

Answer 7

C

self-esteem

Question 8

Self-handicapping is a strategy that some people use to protect their self-esteem by

a) creating an expectation of success
b) creaeting an opportunity for success
c) purposely setting themselves up for failure so that they can provide an excuse for their anticipated failure
d) refusing to cheat on a test when others do

Answer 8

C

purposely setting themselves up for failure so that they can provide an excuse for their anticipated failure

Question 9

As personal involvement regarding an issue increases, which of the following is most likely to happen?

a) The quality of arguments become a more important determinant of persuasion.
b) The credibility of the speaker becomes a more important determinant of persuasion.
c) The attractiveness of the speaker becomes a more important determinant of persuasion.
d) The likeability of the speaker becomes a more important determinant of persuasion.

Answer 9

B

the credibility of the speaker becomes a more important determinant of persuasioin

Question 10

Hope read a persuasive message written by a source whom she considered incompetent and untrustworthy. According to the sleeper effect, what effect will that message most likely have on her attitude over time?

a) Her attitude will change overtime in the direction advocated by the speaker.
b) Her agreement with the attitudinal message will first increase, and then decrease over time.
c) Her agreement with the attitudinal message will in the opposite direction than that advocated by the speaker.
d) Her agreement with the attitudinal message will decrease over time.

Answer 10

A

Her attitude will change overtime in the direction advocated by the speaker

Question 11

In contrast to individuals from Western cultures, those from collectivist cultures define themselves primarily in terms of

a) personal abilities
b) personal values
c) relationships with people, groups, and institutions
d) ) educational and career goals

Answer 11

C

relationships with people, groups, and institutions

Question 12

Some people dislike immigrants because they fear that the immigrants will take jobs away from them. Which theory best explains those feelings?

a) social role theory
b) social identity theory
c) social categorization theory
d) realistic conflict theory

Answer 12

D

realistic conflict theory

Question 13

Sometimes the harder you try to control a thought, feeling, or behaviour, the less likely you are to succeed.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Joan gets annoyed when she burns her dinner, when she switches to the wrong channel on the television, or when she only gets a B on her social psychology exam. According to the covariation model, Joan’s annoyance has low

a) consistency
b) consensus
c) distinctiveness
d) attribution

Answer 14

C

distinctiveness

Question 15

How is Aronson’s jigsaw classroom work similar to Sherif’s Robber’s Cave experiment?

a) both illustrated how social roles can influence the use of stereotypes
b) both illustrated how subordinate goals can reduce prejudice
c) both illustrated how social identification with a group can increase group favouritism
d) both illustrated how overcoming feelings of relative deprivation can decrease prejudice

Answer 15

B

both illustrated how subordinate goals can reduce prejudice

Question 16

It’s more adaptive to alter one’s behaviour than to stay consistent from one social situation to the next.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 16

FALSE

Question 17

The actor-observer effect and the fundamental attribution error are different in that in the actor-observer effect

a) people exaggerate the importance of negative information and underestimate the importance of positive information
b) people attribute dispositional factors as the cause of other people’s behaviour and attribute situational factors as the cause of their own behaviour
c) people disregard the importance of personal dispositions and overestimate situational factors as the casue of other people’s behaviour
d) people exaggerate the importance of dispositional factors and underestimate situational factors as teh cause of other people’s behaviour

Answer 17

B

people attribute dispositional factors as the cause of other people’s behaviour and attribute situational factors as the cause of their own behaviour

Question 18

The notion that we can create a “self-fulfilling prophecy” by getting others to behave in ways we expect is a myth.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 18

FALSE

Question 19

According to explicit personality theories, which of the following would be most likely if Yael is an extrovert?

a) We would be less likely to form an overall positive impression of her.
b) We would be more likely to form an overall positive impression of her.
c) We would look for situations in which one ought to be extroverted.
d) We would assume she also possesses other traits related to extroversion.

Answer 19

D

we would assume she also possesses other traits related to extroversion

Question 20

The implicit personality theories that we hold about others are

a) based on our analysis of people’s central traits
b) the result of careful analysis of people’s characteristics
c) the result of unstated assumptions about people’s characteristics
d) based on atrributional biases

Answer 20

C

the results of unstated assumptions about people’s characteristics

Question 21

People are slow to change their first impressions on the basis of new information.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Humans are the only animals who recognize themselves in the mirror.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

Adaptively, people are skilled at knowing when someone is lying rather than telling the truth.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 23

FALSE

Question 24

In which of the following situations will attitude-behaviour correspondence be better?

a) when the person cannot see him or herself
b) when social norms are well known
c) when the behaviour is not too highly specific
d) when the attitude is strongly held

Answer 24

D

when the attitude is strongly held

Question 25

Smiling can make you feel happier.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

Jacqueline, an attitude researcher, is interested in how people feel about alcohol. Which of the following methods should she use in her research?

a) she should use a Likert scale because it is not as susceptible to social desirability effects as other methods
b) she should use a Bogus Pipeline because it is not as susceptible to social desirability effects as other methods.
c) she should use a behaviour measure because it shows the attitude more clearly than other measures
d) she should use a facial electromyograph because is shows the attitude more clearly than other methods

Answer 26

B

she should use a Bogus Pipleine

Question 27

People are more accurate at judging the personality of friends and acquaintances than of strangers.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

To detect deception, which of the following channels of communication should you attend to?

a) eye contact
b) body posture
c) speech pitch
d) facial expression

Answer 28

C

speech pitch

Question 29

What is the confirmation bias?

a) People’s tendencies to disagree with others whose additude differs from theirs
b) people’s tendencies to behave according to other people’s expectations
c) people’s tendency to interpret earlier information to make it more consistent with subsequent information
d) people’s tendency to interpret, create, and seek information in ways that support existing beliefs

Answer 29

D

people’s tendency to interpret, create, and seek information in ways that support existing beliefs

Question 30

What does the study of social perception address?

a) how people explain their own behaviour
b) how people form impressions of others
c) the strategies people use to create a positive self-image
d) the way we compare ourselves to others

Answer 30

B

how people form impressions of others

Question 31

John thinks that cohabitation is very common now. His opinion is based on recalling that a number of the couples he knows have recently moved in together. This is asn example of the

a) false consensus effect
b) illusory correlation
c) representativeness heuristic
d) availability heuristic

Answer 31

D

availability heuristic

Question 32

In the social comparison theory as proposed by Festinger in 1954,

a) people are motivated to evaluate their opinions, feelings, and abilities.
b) people will evaluate themselves in comparison with others, especially in the absence of objective bases of evaluation
c) people always compare themselves with other people whom they admire
d) both a and b are accurate

Answer 32

D

both A and B are accurate

Question 33

A social psychology graduate student who works long hours for little pay becomes increasingly convinced that she loves social psychology. What is the most likely cause of this student’s attitude toward her chosen field of study?

a) psychological reactance
b) self-affirmation
c) insufficient justification
d) insufficient deterrence

Answer 33

C

insufficient justification

Question 34

Like social psychologists, people are sensitive to situational causes when explaining the behaviour of others.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 34

FALSE

Question 35

Compared with high self-monitors, low self-monitors tend to

a) be good at impression management
b) act consistently across situations
c) be less vulnerable to self-deception
d) conform to social norms

Answer 35

B

act consistently across situations

Question 36

Research on eye contact suggests that

a) frequent eye contact always signals affection and sincerity
b) children under two years old cannot follow gaze or maintain eye contact
c) norms vary from culture to culture with regard to eye contact during conversations
d) prolonged eye contact always singals confrontation

Answer 36

C

norms vary from culture to culture with regard to eye contact during conversations