Chp. 5 & 6 Multiple Choice & T/F Flashcards
Stereotypes are
a) acceptance or rejection of a person based on group membership
b) beliefs that associate a whole group of people with certain characteristics
c) intolerant attitudes toward a specific group
d) intensely positive or negative emotions toward a specific group
B
beliefs that associate a whole group of people with certain characteristics
The out-group homogeneity effect refers to the perception that
a) all out-groups are similar to one another
b) members of another group are more similar to one another then are the members of one’s own group
c) members of another group are more similar to one’s own group than they really are
d) members of the out-group are similar to members of one’s own group
B
members of another group are more similar to one another than are the members of one’s own group
According to Hamilton and associates, many instances of stereotyping arise and are maintained through the operation of
a) availability heuristics
b) illusory correlations
c) actor-observer bias
d) the kernel of truth hypothesis
B
illusory correlations
In the classic experiments conducted by Sherif at the Robbers Cave summer camp, the two groups of young boys came to dislike each other very much after
a) a period of competition with each other
b) fighting a common enemy
c) working towards a common goal
d) the arrival of a female coach
A
a period of competition with each other
The contact hypothesis stipulates that prejudice can be reduced through inter-group contact if
a) the groups are of equal status
b) the social norms should be supportive of inter-group contact
c) the groups share a cooperative and mutually dependent goal
d) all of the above are present
D
all of the above are present
The common ways of measuring attitudes include
a) attitude scales
b) behavioural observations
c) the Implicit Association Test
d) all of the above
D
all of the above
Research has failed to find strong attitude-behaviour relationships because
a) most attitude studies use self-report techniques
b) most of the attitude behaviour studies are seriously flawed
c) there is a lack of match in the specificity between attitude measures and behavioural measures
d) some observed behaviours may have been misinterpreted
C
there is a lack of specificity between attitude measures and behavioural measures
In the Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) experiment, research participants spent time turing knobs and then told the next research participant that the task was interesting. The results of the experiment demonstrated
a) a post-decision regret
b) an attitude-discrepant behaviour with justification
c) an attitude-discrepant behaviour without justification
d) an attitude-discrepant behaviour with insufficient deterrence
C
an attitude-discrepant behaviour with insufficient justification
Which of the following is not a characteristic associated with central route processing in the dual-process model of persuasion?
a) important message content
b) a physically attractive speaker
c) a message delivered clearly by the speaker
d) high personal involvement among members of the audience
B
a physically attractive speaker
The _____ effect occurs when an earlier message has greater influence over acceptance than does a later message.
a) recency
b) primacy
c) sleeper
d) inoculation
B
primacy
Children do not tend to show biases based on race; it is only after they become adolescents that they learn to respond to people differently based on race.
TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE
Very brief exposure to a member of a stereotyped group does not lead to biased judgments or responses, but longer exposure typically does.
TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE
Even brief exposure to sexist television commericals can significantly influence the behaviours of men and women.
TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
A black student is likely to perform worse on an athletic task if the task is described as one reflecting sports intelligence than if it is described as reflecting natural athletic ability.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Groups with a history of prejudice toward each other tend to become much less prejudiced soon after they are made to interact with each other in a desegregated setting.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
Researchers can tell if someone has a positve or negative attitude by measuring physiological arousal.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
In reacting to persuasive communications, people are influenced more by superficial images than by logical arguments.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
People are most easily persuaded by commerical messages that are presented without their awareness.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
The more money you pay people to tell a lie, the more they will come to believe it.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
People often come to like what they suffer for.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
According to implicit personality theories, which of the following would be most likely if we knew Yael was an extrovert?
a) we would be less likely to form an overall positive impression of her
b) we would be more likely to form an overall positive impression of her
c) we would look for situations in which one ought to be extroverted
d) we would assume she possesses other traits related to extroversion
D
we would assume she possesses other traits related to extroversion
To detect deception, which one of the following channels of communication should you attend to?
a) eye contact
b) body posture
c) speech pitch
d) facial expression
C
speech pitch
What does the study of social perception address?
a) how people explain their own behaviour
b) how people form impressions of others
c) the strategies people use to create a positive self-image
d) the way that we compare ourselves to others
B
how people form impressions of others
Though she doesn’t usually watch television, Danielle never usually misses My Big Fat Fiance on Monday nights. Which of the following best describes Danielle’s behaviour?
a) low in consistency
b) high in distinctiveness
c) low in consensus
d) high in covariation
B
high in distinctiveness
What is the confirmation bias?
a) people’s tendency to agree with others whose attitudes differ from theirs
b) people’s tendency to behave according to other people’s expectations
c) people’s tendency to interpret earlier information to make it more consistent with subsequent information
d) people’s tendency to interpret, seek, and create information in ways that support existing beliefs
D
people’s tendency to interpret, seek, and create informoation in ways that support existing beliefs
How was Aronson’s jigsaw classroom work similar to Sharif’s Robbers Cave experiment?
a) both illustrated how social roles can influence the use of stereotypes
b) both illustrated how superinordinate goals can reduce prejudice
c) both illustrated how social identification with a group can increase ingroup favouritism
d) both illustrated how overcoming feelings of relative deprivation can decrease prejudice
B
both illustrated how superordinate goals can reduce prejudice
Some people dislike immigrants because they fear that immigrants will take jobs away from them. Which theory best explains these feelings?
a) social role theory
b) social identity theory
c) social categorization theory
d) realistic conflict theory
D
realistic conflict theory
Why do ingroup members often display the outgroup homogeneity effect?
a) because ingroups and outgroups must compete for shared resources
b) because they lack familiarity with members of the outgroup
c) because they lack sufficient information to judge the variability of their own group
d) because they usually encounter the most typical members of the outgroup
B
because they lack familiarity with members of the outgroup
Which of the following mechanisms allow an individual to maintain a stereotype even in the face of strongly contradictory evidence?
a) an illusory correlation
b) a jigsaw classroom
c) subtyping
d) self-fulfilling prophecies
C
subtyping
Jacqueline, an attitude researcher, is interested in how people feel about alcohol. Which of the following methods should she use in her research?
a) She should use a Likert scale because it is not as susceptible to social desirability effects like other methods.
b) she should use a bogus pipeline because it is not as susceptible to social desirability effects like other methods
c) she should use a behavioural measure because it shows the attitude more clearly than other methods
d) she should use a facial electromyograph because it shows the attitude more clearly than other methods
B
she should use a bogus pipeline because it is not as susceptible to social desirability effects like other methods
In which of the following situations will attitude-behaviour correspondence be greatest?
a) when the person cannot see him- or herself
b) when social norms are well known
c) when the behaviour is not too highly specific
d) when the attitude is strongly held
D
when the attitude is strongly held
As personal involvement regarding an issue increases, which of the following is most likely to happen?
a) the quality of the arguments become a more important determinant of persuasion
b) the credibility of the speaker becomes a more important determinant of persuasion
c) the attractiveness of the speaker becomes a more important determinant of persuasion
d) the likeability of the speaker becomes a more important determinant of persuasion
A
the quality of the arguments become a more important determinant of persuasion
Hope read a persuasive message written by a source she deemed in competent and untrustworthy. According to the sleeper effect, what effect will that message most likely have on her attitude over time?
a) her attitude will change over time in the direction advocated by the speaker
b) her agreement with the attitudinal message will first increase, and then decrease over time
c) her agreement with the attitudinal message will change over time in the opposite direction than that advocated for by the speaker
d) her agreement with the attitudinal message will decrease over time
A
her attitude will change over time in the direction advocated by the speaker
A social psychology graduate student who works long hours for little pay becomes increasingly convinced that she loves social psychology. What is the most likely cause of this student’s attitude toward her chosen field of study?
a) psychological reactance
b) self-affirmation
c) insufficient justification
d) insufficient deterrence
C
insufficient justification
