Chp. 10 & 11 Multiple Choice & T/F Flashcards
Kinship selection is one main kind of helping, according to the
a) arousal model
b) empathy-altruism hypothesis
c) negative state relief model
d) evolutionary perspective
D
evolutionary perspective
Which of the following is not suggested as a possible explanation for the bystander effect?
a) misperceiving the emergency situation as a non-emergency
b) diffusion of responsibility
c) feeling incompetent to provide help
d) lack of empathy for the victim
D
lack of empathy for the victim
In which of the following situations are members of stigmatized groups who receive help most likely to feel worse about themselves?
a) if the help came from a fellow in-group member
b) if the help was unsolicited
c) if the help was altruistic in nature
d) if the help was anonymous
B
if the help was unsolicited
Which of the following is a factor in determining who will or will not be helped?
a) physical attractiveness of the beneficiary
b) attributions of the helper about the person in need
c) perceived simialrity between the helper and the beneficiary
d) all of the above
D
all of the above
According to the arousal cost-reward model of helping, people tend to help the victim when
a) it is easy to escape the situation
b) their state of arousal is high and it is difficult to escape the situation
c) the potential rewards to the victim outweigh potential costs to the victim
d) their state of arousal is low
C
the potential rewards to the victim outweigh potential costs to the victim
Emotional aggression and instrumental aggression are different in that
a) emotional aggression involves only emotional harm, whereas instrumental aggression involves physical harm
b) instrumental aggression occurs when an individual uses an instrument to inflict the harm or injury
c) instrumental aggression is a means to an end, whereas emotional aggression is inflicting harm for its own sake
d) emotional aggression is based on instincts, whereas instrumental aggression is based on classical conditioning
C
instrumental aggression is a measn to an end, whereas emotional aggression is inflicting harm for its own sake
When Mina first started playing a new video game, the extremely violent images made her cringe. Now she has played the game so many times that she barely even notices such images. What concept does this example illustrate?
a) displacement
b) cultivation
c) habituation
d) catharsis
C
habituation
In a revision of the frustration-aggression hypothesis, Berkowitz has theorized that
a) aggression is a frequent cause of frustration
b) negative feelings trigger aggression, and frustration is only one of many experiences that can produce negative feelings
c) frustration triggers negative feelings
d) every instance of aggression is preceded by some sort of frustration
B
negative feelings trigger aggression, and frustration is only one of many experiences that can produce negative feelings
Which of the following statements is true of social models?
a) people can develop positive attitudes and beliefes about aggression from aggressive social models
b) people can learn specific aggressive behaviours from an aggressive social model
c) people can imitate a model’s aggressive behaviour, especially if the model’s behaviour is not punished
d) all of the above are true
D
all of the above are true
The process by which arousal created by one stimulus can intensify an individual’s emotional response to another stimulus is called
a) catharsis
b) excitation transfer
c) the frustration-aggression hypothesis
d) the arousal-affect model
B
excitation transfer
People are more likely to help someone in an emergency if the potential rewards seem high and the potential costs seem low.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
In an emergency, a person who needs help has a much better chance of getting it if three other people are present than if only one other person is present.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
In several ways, the presence of others inhibits helping.
People are much more likely to help someone when they are in a good mood.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
People are much less likely to help someone when they’re in a bad mood.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
Attractive people have a better chance than unattractive people of getting help when they need it.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE