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Psychiatry Terms > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Amnesia

A

Learning and memory including immediate, retrograde (before event) and anterograde (after event). Semantic is fact based.

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2
Q

Agnosia

A

Perceptual: visual, auditory, and tactile recognition. Loss of the ability to recognize objects, faces, voices, or places.

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3
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to perform a movement or task when asked despite having the desire and physical capability to carry it out. Motor control and planning.

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4
Q

Anomia

A

loss of ability to name. Seen in Frontotemporal Dementia

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5
Q

Semantic memory

A

fact based (ie, capital of France)

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6
Q

Constructional memory

A

copying and arranging shapes such as intersecting pentagons. Seen in parietal lobes, esp rt parietal.

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7
Q

Hemineglect

A

Awareness of space and self in space.

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8
Q

Utilization behavior

A

Disinhibition of environmental dependence. Example: pt drink’s provider’s cup of coffee.

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9
Q

Dysmnesia

A

A memory disorder characterized by an inability to learn simple new skills in spite of an ability to perform complex skills learnt before the onset of the disorder. (subcortical lesion) . May not recall an item, but will recognize it.

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10
Q

Low dose clozapine

A

given in LBD and NCD due to parkinson’s dz sometimes. Given after pimavanserin or cholinesterase inhibitors.

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11
Q

‘Moth-eaten appearance’ on axial SPECT

A

vascular dementia

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12
Q

Subcortical Leukoencephalopathy

A

widespread, microscopic damage to deep white matter caused by arteriosclerotic small vessel vascular disease. 80% have htn. AKA Binswanger

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13
Q

Notch 3 gene on 19q12

A

CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)

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14
Q

Logopenic Aphasia

A

impaired naming

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15
Q

Semantic aphasia

A

loss of meaning (recognition of words and objects).

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16
Q

Sublimation

A

Mature defense. Impulses directed to socially useful projects.

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17
Q

Suppression

A

Mature defense. Conscious deferment of painful or unacceptable impulses, emotions, desires, drives, or instincts.

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18
Q

Regression

A

Immature defense. A return to earlier modes of acting or feeling, e.g., becoming very needy and helpless when under stress.

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19
Q

Somatization

A

Immature defense. Transforming unacknowledged needs (dependence) into physical symptoms as a way to have needs met without acknowledging them.

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20
Q

Acing out

A

Immature defense. Avoiding unacceptable affects or impulses by engaging in a flurry of diversionary activity.

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21
Q

Blocking

A

Immature defense. A temporary stopping of thoughts or feelings a a protection against them.

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22
Q

Isolation

A

Neurotic defense. Splitting off of unaceptable affects from the thought that accompanies it. (speaking of traumatic events with a neutral affect.)

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23
Q

Projection

A

Narcissistic defense. Shifting unacceptable impulses into outside persons, institutions, etc, (projeting rage at others and feeling threatened by the projected affect).

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24
Q

Displacement

A

Neurotic defense. An affect shifted from one object (person) to another (kicking the dog when you’re mad at the boss). shifting an impulse or affect from one object to another to resolve a psychological conflict.

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25
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Neurotic defense. Transforming unacceptable impulse into its opposite (showing a person you hate with kindness)

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26
Q

Denial

A

An unconscious repression of unacceptable impulses, emotions, desires, drives, or instinct.

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27
Q

Projective Identification

A

Unacceptable feelings or impulses are projected unto another person who then accepts them as their own (pt treats psychiatrist as incompetent, who begins to feel and act that way).

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28
Q

Peabody Picture Vocabulary test

A

used to help diagnose selective mutism. Kid points to a picture after hearing a word. It is a receptive language test.

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29
Q

Hamartomas

A

Hypomelanotic macules (ash leaf spots) and angiofibromas seen in tuberous sclerosis

30
Q

Copropraxia

A

Obscene gesture like raising middle finger. Seen in tourettes.

31
Q

Functional Dysphagia

A

Fear of gagging, choking, vomiting

32
Q

Compromise Formation

A

Psychological defense. The disguised expression of repressed unconscious needs or wishes (dependency needs, aggressive urges. Seen in somatic symptom disorders.

33
Q

Amplification Theory

A

People are overly focused on somatic symptoms or interoceptive senstions and they catastrophize them.

34
Q

“La belle indifference”

A

Seen in conversion disorder where the pt has a calmess or indifference in context of sudden deficit.

35
Q

Paratonia

A

This is Gegenhalten. Involuntary resistance to passive movement. Not lead pipe rigidity. It is a sign of frontal lobe dysfunction.

36
Q

“Positive Reinforcement” vs Negative

A

Positive means adding something to the situation.

Negative means taking something away from the situation.

37
Q

Flynn effect

A

A substantial and long sustained increase in intelligence test scores. IQ must always remain at 100, but we have been getting smarter over time so the IQ must adjust to account for this.

38
Q

Decentration

A

Ability to go outside of the self and take someone else’s point of view. Happens at 4 yo.

39
Q

Assimilation

A

information from the environment is fit into existing existing schemas (horse is a big doggy)

40
Q

Accommodation

A

When a child can differentiate similar things into different categories. (horse is not a big doggie, it’s a horse) . Opposed to assimilation where a horse is a big doggie.

41
Q

Equilibration

A

The balance between assimilation (‘big doggie’) and accommodation . Cyclical process of continued refinement of categories.

42
Q

Festination

A

Speed up when you walk, or trouble slowing down. Seen in parkinsons.

43
Q

Hypomimia

A

Masked facial expression seen in parkinsons

44
Q

Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson

A

Hyposmia or anosmia happens in 90% of PD. Asosciated with lewy bodies in lower medulla nd decreased cholinergic denervation. Strongly associated with cognitive decline and dementia.

45
Q

Allodynia

A

Pain due to non-painful stimuli (like bed sheets)

46
Q

Nociception

A

The processing of painful/noxious stimuli

47
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

Increased response to painful stimuli

48
Q

Dysesthesia

A

Unpleasant abnormal sensation (evoked or spontanous)

49
Q

Paresthesia

A

Abnomral (not unpleasant) sensation (spontaneous or evoked)

50
Q

Utilization behavior

A

Seen in frontal lobe trauma. Utilization behavior is a type of disinhibition, particularly of executive function, associated with brain damage, where the patient has difficulty resisting the impulse to operate or manipulate objects in the visual field and within reach.

51
Q

Stupor

A

Being in the same position for hours and not responding

52
Q

Verbigeration

A

Meaningless repetition of specific words or phrase

53
Q

Undoing

A

Mechanism whereby a threatening thought or action is converted into contrary behavior

54
Q

Poverty of thought

A

thought that gives little information because of vagueness, empty repetitions, or obscure phrases

55
Q

Recrudescence of old symptoms

A

Refers to old MS lesions coming back. This is not a ‘new’ attack, but rather an old manifestation popping up.

56
Q

Unthoff phenomenon

A

Worsening MS sx with heat (hot tubs, fever, overexertion)

57
Q

Lhermittt’es Sign

A

Tingling spine or legs with neck flexion, can be seen in MS.

58
Q

2 ethical principals to commit a sane person for SI

A

Police power refers to the authority of the state to enact and enforce laws that limit individual rights in order to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of its citizens. Parens patriae (Latin for “the parent of the country”) is the doctrine that grants the state the power to protect citizens who cannot care for themselves.

59
Q

Mind Reading

A

Mind reading is a type of cognitive distortion in which one believes they know what others are thinking without considering other-more likely possibilities.

60
Q
  • Chroming
  • Sniffing
  • Bagging
  • huffing
A
  • inhaling vapors directly from a container (known as sniffing)
  • from a bag filled with the substance (known as bagging)
  • from a rag soaked with a substance that is then placed over the nose or mouth (huffing).
  • Inhaling spray paint is known as chroming.
61
Q

Applied Tension

A

Used to help vasovagal syncope in response to blood. They are then taught to immediately apply a learned muscle tension response when such a situation arises. Patients are then able to apply this response at will even in conditions when they are donating blood. The increased tension in the body prevents the blood pressure from dropping too much.

62
Q

Behavioral Inhibition

A

Behavioral inhibition (BI) relates to the tendency to experience distress and to withdraw from unfamiliar situations, people, or environments. Linked highly with anxiety disorder.

63
Q

Isolation of affect

A

Defense mechanism used in OCPD. In psychoanalysis, a defense mechanism in which emotion is detached from an idea and rendered unconscious, leaving the idea bland and emotionally flat.

64
Q

Absolutistic Thinking

A

Absolutistic thinking is also known as all or nothing thinking and is exemplified by the tendency to characterize oneself completely in light of transient shortcomings (the college student is a failure due to a single bad grade).

65
Q

Covert Sensitization

A

Covert sensitization refers to taking part in some sort of behavior (in this case, stealing) and then imagining the negative consequences of that action or behavior in order to reduce that behavior.

66
Q

Flooding

A

In flooding, a certain stimulus that produces a response (like fear or pleasure) is introduced abruptly.

67
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

In systematic desensitization a stimulus that produces a response is introduced gradually over a course of carefully-constructed steps.

68
Q

Graded Exposure

A

Graded exposure is also like systematic desensitization in which a stimulus in provided in gradually increasing degrees.

69
Q

Reliability

A

Reliability of an assessment instrument is determined as a part of the assessment of validity and it is described as obtaining consistent results from an instrument each time when used in the same setting even when used by different personnel.

70
Q

Boundary Crossing vs Boundary Violation

A

Boundary crossings do not harm the patient, may facilitate the therapeutic process, and may be ethical when engaged in judiciously, whereas boundary violations are harmful or exploitative to the patient and are always unethical

71
Q

Parauresis

A

Individuals who avoid urinating in public restrooms in the presence of others suffer from paruresis, a type of social anxiety disorder.

72
Q

Posttranscriptional mods and posttranslational mods

A

Posttranscriptional: 5’ capping, addition of a poly a tail, removal of introns ,

Post translational: phosphorylation

Psychiatry Terms (33 decks)

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