Term 1 Lesson 8: Hormones

Question 1

What are hormones?

Answer 1

chemical messengers made in the endocrine glands.

Question 2

What system does the glands and hormone make up?

Answer 2

The endocrine system

Question 3

How do hormones travel through the body?

Answer 3

Through the bloodstream in the blood plasma

Question 4

Fill the blanks:

Hormones travel quite _________________________ and have __________________ lasting effects. They only affect ________________________________ and _____________________.

This means the hormone will only act on areas of the body that it is required to.

Answer 4

1. slowly
2. long
3. target cells
4. organs

Question 5

What is the target cell or organ covered in.

Answer 5

Hormone receptors which recognise the hormone.

• Hormones will only affect cells or organs that have a matching hormone receptor.
• The hormone receptors sit on the cell membrane, nucleus or in the cytoplasm of a target cell

Question 6

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine?

Answer 6

• Endcorine secrete hormones without ducts - pitunitary, adrenal, thyroid
• Exocrine secrete hormones through ducts - sweat, mammary, salivary glands

Question 7

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 7

• Produce from the pituitary gland
• Allows a baby to be made.
• Stimulates the development of an egg in the ovary in
  females.
  Triggers sperm production in males.

Question 8

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 8

• produce from pituitary gland
• Targets the ovaries and testes - allows a baby to be made
• Stimulates egg to be released in females.
• Male secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 9

Adrenaline

Answer 9

• produce in Adrenal glands
• Fight Increases heart rate & blood glucose (sugar).
• Fight or flight’ response used when in a dangerous or stressful situation.
• Tells the liver to release glucose which is used to make energy (ATP) by respiration.

Question 10

ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone)

Answer 10

• Pituitary gland
• Controls amount of water in the blood.
• Increases permeability of kidney tubules.

Question 11

Testosterone

Answer 11

• Testes
• Main male sex hormone
• Promotes male secondary characteristics.

Question 12

Progesterone

Answer 12

• Ovaries
• Supports pregnancy
• Maintains lining of the uterus.

Question 13

Oestrogen

Answer 13

• Ovaries
• Main female sex hormone
• Controls menstrual cycle and promotes female secondary characteristics.

Question 14

Growth hormone

Answer 14

• Pituitary gland
• Speeds growth & development in children.
• Increases cell division by mitosis.

Question 15

Insulin

Answer 15

• Pancreas
• Helps control blood sugar levels (very important for people with diabetes)
• Stimulates the liver to turn glucose into glycogen for storage (lowers blood glucose).

Question 16

Glucagon

Answer 16

• Pancreas
• Helps control blood sugar levels
• Makes the liver turn glycogen into glucose to release into the blood (raises blood glucose).

Question 17

Thyroxine

Answer 17

• Thyroid (in throat in front of windpipe/trachea)
• Controls metabolism
• Controls rate with which chemical reactions take place

Question 18

What type of gland is the thyroid gland?

Answer 18

Endocrine

Question 19

What hormone does the thyroid gland release.

Answer 19

thyroxine

Question 20

What does thyroxine do?

Answer 20

increases basal metabolic rate (BMR).

Question 21

When a persons metabolic rate drops what happens?

Answer 21

The hypothalamus secretes a hormone called thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 22

When the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothamalus then what happens?

Answer 22

It travels to the pituitary where it stimulates the release of another hormone called thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

This moves through the bloodstream to the thyroid which releases thyroxine. This hormone increases the BMR back to normal. It also turns off the production of TSH
and TRH which in turn stops thyroxine production.

Question 23

What is negative feeback?

Answer 23

A mechanism where changes to conditions cause an action to reverse the change, to keep conditions stable.

![!BS! An example of negative feedback is the control of body temperature.

If the body gets too hot, it begins to sweat to try to reduce the temperature. If the body gets too cold, it begins to shiver to try to raise the temperature.

The glucose concentration in the blood is also controlled by negative feedback mechanisms.](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/483/224/820/a_image_ios.?1706868139 “eyJvcmlnaW5hbFVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9icmFpbnNjYXBlLXByb2Qvc3lzdGVtL2NtLzQ4My8yMjQvODIwL2FfaW1hZ2Vfb3JpZ2luYWwuPzQ4OThkYTY5YzAxNjhmMTAzOWI5Zjk5ZmY4ZWM5OWJlIn0=”)

Question 24

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 24

• Targets the thyroid gland.
• Stimulates the production of thyroid hormones for regulating metabolism

Question 25

True or false. Controlling basal metabolic rate is an example of negative feedback.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

1

Answer 26

Hypothamalus

Question 27

2

Answer 27

pituitary

Question 28

3

Answer 28

thyroid

Question 29

6

Answer 29

Adrenal glands

Question 30

7

Answer 30

Ovaries (female)

Question 31

8

Answer 31

pancreas

Question 32

9

Answer 32

testes (male)