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IGCSE Edexcel human biology > T2 Lesson 9 - Mitosis > Flashcards

T2 Lesson 9 - Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Part of cell division in which the nucleus divides eventually producing 2 daughter cells which are genetically identical to the parent cell.

We say the new cells are clones

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2
Q

Give some examples of the use of mitosis?

A

-cloning
-Asexual reproduction
-making new deploid cells
-growing and healing

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3
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

When an organism reproduces (makes more of itself) without exchanging genetic information with another organism through sex.

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4
Q

How do humans use mitosis?

A
  • make new diploid cells for growing and healing.
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5
Q

The 4 stages of mitosis

A

-Prophase
-metaphase
-anaphase
-telophase

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6
Q

What is a deploid cell?

A

A cell that contains a complete set of chromosomes in its nucleus.

Each chromosome in a diploid cell has two copies, which are arranged in homologous pairs.

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7
Q

Delpoid cells contain……….

A

a full set of DNA

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8
Q

DNA is very long so it coils itself around a protein called……..

A

**histones **and wrapped into tight shapes called **chromosomes. **

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9
Q

How many chromosomes are in a full set of DNA?

A

46

23 (from father)
23 (from mother)

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10
Q

What is meant by **homologus ** pair?

A

The chromosome of a mother matched to the same chromosome from a father

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11
Q

What needs to happen before mitosis occurs?

A

The DNA inside a nucleus need to replicate (this is called Interphase)

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12
Q

How many chromosomes are in a deploid cell after replication?

A

92 - the amount of DNA doubles from 46

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13
Q

PROPHASE

A

After DNA replication there are now two copies of each chromosome.

  • During prophase chromosomes thicken so they become visible under a microscope. Identical copies join together at their
    centre with a structure called a centromere.
  • Each chromosome in the pair is now called a chromatid.
  • The* nuclear membrane breaks down,* so the chromatids break free.
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14
Q

METAPHASE

A
  • Spindle fibres form from the centrioles at either pole (end) of the cell.
  • The chromosomes line up at the equator (centre) of the spindle and attach to it by their centromeres.
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15
Q
A
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16
Q

ANAPHASE

A
  • Spindle fibres shorten pulling chromatids to opposite poles.
  • This means separate, identical chromosomes get dragged to either end of the cell (called poles just like the ends of Earth) on the spindle structure.
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17
Q

TELOPHASE

A
  • The cytoplasm starts to divide to produce two daughter cells.
  • Each is an identical copy to the parent.
  • Nuclei form around the chromosomes.
18
Q

Looking at the image describe the different stages of mitosis?

19
Q

CENTROMERE

A

Part of the chromosome where the 2 sister chromatids are held together and which is the attachment site of the spindle fibers during cell division

20
Q

CHROMATID

A

One of two identical parts or arms of a chromosome

21
Q

Can you name a type of cell that divides by mitosis?

22
Q

When do stem cells stop dividing by mitosis?

A

When they are asked to turn into specialised cell. This is called differentiation.

23
Q

How many daughter cells are produced during one cycle of mitosis?

24
Q

How many stages are there in mitosis?

25
Q

Name the missing stage of mitosis.

26
Q

Give the correct label to replace the question mark

A

centromere

27
Q

Give the correct label to replace the question mark.

A

Spindle fibre

28
Q

In what phase are new nuclei formed?

29
Q

In what phase do chromatids line up along the equator?

30
Q

Before mitosis, DNA is replicated inside the nucleus. How many chromosomes does the parent cell have as it enters prophase?

31
Q

True or False. Daughter cells created by mitosis will be genetically identical to the parent.

32
Q

Cancer can result from cells dividing and growing out of control creating a tumour.

33
Q

How many chromosomes are in a diploid cell?

34
Q

After DNA replication how many chromosomes will exist in the cell?

35
Q

In what stage are these animal (left) and plant (right) cells?

A

Metaphase as the chromosomes have lined up along the cells equator.

Notice the plant cell is more rigid due to its strong cellulose cell wall.

36
Q

At what mitosis stage is the cell in the centre of the image?

37
Q

At what stage is this cell in the process of mitosis?

38
Q

You lose millions of skin cells a day. They are replaced by mitosis.

39
Q

In what stage of mitosis do chromatids thicken and become visible?

40
Q

The ant only has 1 chromosome in a diploid cell. The Atlas blue butterfly has 448-452 chromosomes in a diploid cell. How many chromosomes do you have in a diploid cell?

41
Q

Homologous chromosomes consist of a pair of chromosomes. One from the father and one from the mother.

IGCSE Edexcel human biology (46 decks)

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